Chapters 6.4-6.7 Flashcards
Regulatory Proteins
Proteins that control and regulate various processes in the cell
Transcription factors
proteins that regulate gene expression; regulatory proteins
Regulatory Sequences
stretches on DNA that interact with regulatory proteins to control transcription (helps control or regulate gene expression)
-An example of a regulatory sequence is a promoter
A second example of a regulatory sequence is an enhancer (regions).
What are they?
-Enhancers are regions of DNA that contain control elements
-Each control element can either have a positive or negative impacts on gene expression
Similarities and differences between Regulatory proteins and Regulatory Sequences
Similarity:
-both control expression of gene
-Controls whether a protein is made or not
-nteract with each other
Differences:
-Regulatory sequences are part of the DNA, Regulatory proteins not part of the DNA
-Regulatory sequence is a promoter and an enhancer, Regulatory protein is transcription factor
Histone proteins
used to organize DNA can do it in a condensed or compacted way
Unacetylated histone tail
Compact: DNA not accessible for transcription
Acetylated histone tails
Looser: DNA accessible for transcription
You can add or take away ____ groups from DNA
You can add or remove _____ groups from histone proteins, this can cause the DNA to compact or loosen up
Methyl, Acetyl
The phenotype of a cell or organism is determined by?
the combination of genes that are expressed and the levels at which they are expressed
Ways that eukaryotic genes can be regulated
-Promotors
-Enhancer Regions (control elements)
-Transcription factors
-Epigenetics
-miRNA (small RNA)
Genotype
Make up of genes
Phenotype
Observable Characteristics
Oncogenes
mutated proto-oncogenes that cause cancer
Proto-oncogenes
genes that control cell division