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AP BIO > Cells 2.1-2.3 and 2.10-2.11 > Flashcards

Cells 2.1-2.3 and 2.10-2.11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Turgor Pressure

A

Pressure from water against cell wall

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2
Q

Lysosomes

A

membrane, enclosed sacs that contain hydrolytic enzymes

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3
Q

Lysosomes are important for

A
  1. intracellular digestion
  2. the recycling of a cells organic materials
  3. programmed cell death (apoptis)
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4
Q

Common function of Mitochondria and chloroplasts

A

energy transducers

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5
Q

Mitochondria

A

-takes chemical (food) energy and synthesizes it into ATP energy
-contains DNA and ribosomes

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6
Q

Outer Membrane of Mitochondria (OMM)

A

Smooth

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7
Q

Inner Membrane of Mitochondria (IMM)

A

-High convoluted (folds)
-the folds increase surface area for more enzymes which allows for more ATP to be made

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8
Q

Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle)

A

generation of electrons that are used to make NADH and FADH, in the mitochondira

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9
Q

Where do NADH and FADH drop there electrons?

A

In the Electron Transport Chain (In the IMM) where it will then synthesize ATP

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10
Q

Simmilarties between Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells

A

-DNA
-Ribosomes
-cytoplasms
-membrane

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11
Q

Simmilarties between Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells

A
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12
Q

Differences between Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells

A

Prokarotes:
- have nucleoid (where DNA is stored)
-compartment less
Eukaryotes:
-endomembrame system
-compartmentalization

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13
Q

Chloroplasts

A

-double outermembrane
-intermembrane space

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14
Q

Inner membrane of Chloroplasts

A

-thylakoids
-orgnaized into stacks called grana
-single stack is granum
multistacks are grana

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15
Q

Stroma

A

fluid between inner membrane and grana

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16
Q

Calvin Cycle

A
  • Happens in stroma
  • produces NADP + and ADP
  • CO2 becomes CH20 (sugar)
  • in chloroplasts
17
Q

Photosystem

A

-organization of chlorophyll
-embedded in the internal membranes of chloroplasts (thylakoids)

18
Q

light reaction

A
  • happen in grana
  • produces ATP and NADPH
  • H2O becomes O2
19
Q

Free Ribosomes

A

make protein that stays in cell

20
Q

Bound Ribosomes

A

make protein that leaves thee cell

21
Q

Cilia

A

-hair like
-helps movement and move food

22
Q

Surface Area

A

Cell Membrane

23
Q

Volume

A

Cytoplasm

24
Q

Smaller cells are

A

more favorable due to there surface area - to - volume ratio being better for exchange of material with the environment

25
Q

As cells increase in volume…

A

the relative surface area decreases and the demand for internal resources increases

26
Q

Surface area-to-volume ratios affect the ability of a biological system to

A

-obtain necessary resources
-eliminate waste products
-acquire or dissipate thermal energy
- exchange chemicals and energy with the environment

27
Q

Ribosome

A

synthesize protein according to mRNA sequence and the instructions that are encoded in that genome of the cell

28
Q

ER

A

network of membrane tubes within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells

29
Q

Rough ER

A

-Has ribosomes attached to its membrane
-compartmentalizes the cell
-associated with packing the newly synthesized protein’s made by attached ribosomes for possible export from the cell

30
Q

Smooth ER

A

Detoxifies and lipid synthesis

31
Q

Golgi Complex

A

-series of flattened membrane bound sacs in eukaryotes
-correct folding and chemical modification of newly synthesized protein’s and packing for protein trafficking

32
Q

Vacuole

A

-storage and release of water, macro molecules and cellular waste products
- it aids retention of water for turgor pressure in plants

33
Q

Cells are typically small due to…

A

moving materials (such as nutrients and waste) in and out of the cells gets more difficult as the cell gets larger

34
Q

As cells ____, the relative surface area ___

A

increase, decreases

AP BIO (4 decks)

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