Chapters 5-9 Flashcards
A branch of mathematics designed to draw conclusions from data that have been collected, organized, and subject to analysis. A. Algebra B. Statistics C. Chemistry D. Probabilities
B. Statistics
Numbers that cluster around the “middle” group of values.
A. Middle B. Central Tendency C. Cluster D. Trend
B. Central Tendency
A group of “phenomena,” or numbers that have something in common.
A. Population B. Groups C. Central Tendency D. Mean
A. Population
A mathematical function based on the deviations of a set of numbers from the mean. A. Upper Control Limit B. Lower Control Limit C. Variance D. Standard Deviation
C. Variance
One standard deviation contains __% of measurements, two standard deviations contain __% of measurements, and three standard deviations contain __% of measurements.
68 - 95 - 99.7
Square root of the variance A. Upper Control Limit B. Lower Control Limit C. Variance D. Standard Deviation
D. Standard Deviation
SPC
Statistical Process Control
(T/F) Accurate data collection is critical to statistical analysis.
True
A bar chart that identifies the defects in order of occurrence from the largest to the smallest. A. Pareto Chart B. Pie Chart C. Scatter Chart D. Trend Chart
A. Pareto Chart
Flow charts are constructed by:
A. identify the process and boundaries
B. develop a high-level flow chart first to see the big picture
C. validate the flow chart with the organization
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
A picture of key activities that take place in a process. A. Pareto Chart B. Pie Chart C. Flow Chart D. Trend Chart
C. Flow Chart
Determines a cause-effect relationship between two variables, where an dependent variable depends on an independent variable. A. Scatter Diagram B. Pareto Diagram C. Standard Deviation D. Moving Range Diagram
A. Scatter Diagram
(T/F) Variability occurs in every process. It can be caused by equipment wear, environment, operator malfunctions, or management.
True
Plots data, such as a PV, over time. A. Run Chart B. Trend Chart C. Pareto Chart D. Scatter Chart E. A and/or B F. None of the above
E. A and/or B
(T/F) If variation can be attributed to an assignable cause, the process is in control.
False - it is out of control
A cause of unpredictable variation that can be identified using structured techniques.
A. Assignable Cause
B. Natural Cause
C. Chance Cause
A. Assignable Cause
(T/F) Any data point outside of +/- 3 sigma is likely due to an assignable cause.
True
(T/F) It is important to collect data on a heat exchanger on a regular basis. A gradually increasing dP across the exchanger may indicate fouling.
True
(T/F) Exchanger rarely foul over time, so there is not need to clean them during shutdowns.
False - ALL exchangers foul over time and should be cleaned.
Operator response to trends of data should be \_\_\_\_\_\_ through training and experience. A. monitored B. assumed C. standardized D. none of the above
C. standardized
Take \_\_\_\_ readings and log any unusual deviations. A. accurate B. approximate C. estimated D. normal
A. accurate
To be a good troubleshooter, you should: A. know the equipment B. understand instrumentation C. be familiar with past problems D. discuss problems with fellow operators E. all of the above
E. all of the above
\_\_\_\_\_ is the best teacher, but modern computer technology can help track down problems. A. Money B. Management C. Experience D. Mr. Reader
C. Experience
The first problem that created a process upset (root cause)
A. Primary problem
B. Secondary problem
A. Primary problem
Created by or respond to the primary problem.
A. Primary Problem
B. Secondary Problem
B. Secondary Problem
The percentage of fluid that leaks or slips past the internal clearance of a pump over a given time.
Slip
The pumping system in our book mixed which items? A. Butane B. Pentane C. Liquid Catalyst D. A&B E. B&C F. A,B,&C
F. A,B,&C
What kind of pump is a centrifugal?
Dynamic
(T/F) Slip allows a control valve to regulate or throttle flow without damaging the equipment.
True
NPSH
Net Positive Suction Head
Low NPSH can cause ____.
cavitation
Mass per unit volume
Density
Variables that affect centrifugal pump operation: A. temperature B. tank level C. restrictions D. downstream pressure E. all
E. all
Density of a liquid relative (divided by) the density of water
Specific Gravity
PSI at sea level
14.7 PSIA
Water Density A. 1.23 lbs/gal B. 8.33 lbs/gal C. 5 lbs/gal D. 1 lbs/gal
B. 8.33 lbs/gal
Force per unit area
PSI
Two most common types of pressure
Atmospheric - sea level is 14.7 PSIA
Hydrostatic - pressure exerted by a level of a liquid
As pressure increases, the volume of gas _____.
decreases
As pressure decreases, the volume of gas ______.
increases.
A substance with low vapor pressure will have a (low/high) boiling point?
high
As pressure increases,
A. the boiling point increases
B. gas or vapor molecules are forced closer together
C. the vapor phase above the liquid could be forced back into solution
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
And pressure below atmospheric pressure.
Vacuum
A system run under a vacuum (increases/reduces) the boiling point of liquids. This can save energy costs in a distillation process.
reduces
The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the pressures (partial pressures) of the individual gases. P(total) = P1 + P2 + P3 ….
Dalton’s Law
Why do multi-stage compressors have cooling between stages?
to remove the heat of compression
A multi-stage compressor with a 3.2 compression ration would product what pressure as it exits stage 2?
150 PSIA
exit stage 1 at 47PSIA (14.7 * 3.2)
exit stage 2 at 150PSIA (47 * 3.2)
Which of the following are positive displacement compressors? A. reciprocating B. rotary C. centrifugal D. A&B
D. A&B
