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DC US History > Chapters 36-40 > Flashcards

Chapters 36-40 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cold War

A
  • The ideological and often confrontational conflict between the US and USSR, between 1945-1991.
  • US is capitalist and USSR is communist and they are fighting on which is a better form of government.
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2
Q

GI Bill of Rights

A

Servicemen’s Readjustment Act: allows the military to have free education once they returned from war.

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3
Q

Yalta Conference

A
  • The countries of the world allowed people to choose their own government.
  • This bites both the US and USSR in the butt becuase the USSR has to force communinsm on their people and the US is scared people will choose communism.
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4
Q

United Nations

A
  • A peacekeeping organization created after WW2. It had been successful in stopping another war.
  • It has its problems: doesn’t have its own standing army so it is mostly funded and fought by the US (Korea & Vietnam)
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5
Q

Satellite Nations/Soviet Bloc

A

Mostly Eastern Europe countries who are under the rule of communism.

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6
Q

Iron Curtain

A

Created By Winston Churchill, it is the boundary that defines the democratic West Europe and communist East Europe. Called the iron curtain because it’s hard to move.

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7
Q

Employment Act of 1946/Council of Economic Advisors (CEA)

A

This was created to help/advise the president with the economy.

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8
Q

Levittown

A
  • Cheap, affordable, suburban homes.
  • Called Levittowns because a lot of these cheap suburban homes were created by the Levitt Brothers
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9
Q

White Flight

A

This was a migration of middle class white people, where they left the poorer and more racial charged areas of the city.

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10
Q

Baby Boom Generation

A
  • 1946-mid 1960’s
  • 79 million babies were born.
  • This generation is known as the Boomers
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11
Q

Women in the home

A

End of the 1940’s-50’s women are still in teh home taking care of familites and not working outside the home until the 60’s movement

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12
Q

Taft-Hartley Act

A

Will hurt labor unions by outlawing closed shops. This will be a step backwards for unions. During WW2 they gave workers benefits so they wouldn’t go on strike and now they take them away.

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13
Q

Containment Doctrine

A
  • This was create by George F. Kennan.
  • Wherever communims is, it can stay, but if it spreads we will try to stop it.
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14
Q

What is the color and animal that is connected to communism?

A

The color red and bears.

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15
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

Officially endorses the containment doctrine and becomes the official US doctrine/policy.

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16
Q

Israel

A

Israel is officially recognized as a nation on May 14, 1948. Israel is given back to the Jews after the Holocaust in the middle of the Muslim nations.

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17
Q

Harry S. Truman

A

He was president from 1945-1953, he is a democrat, and he will be the first of the presidents to be in the Cold War.

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18
Q

Election of 1948 Candidates

A
  • Thomas E. Dewey ➡ Republican party
  • Harry S. Truman ➡ Democrat party
  • J. Strom Thurmond ➡ Dixiecrat party (Southern Democrat party)
  • Henry A. Wallace ➡ Progressive party
    Harry S Truman won
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19
Q

What mishap happened at the Chicago Tribune during the election of 1948?

A

They really assumed that the winner was going to be Thomas E. Dewey, so much so that they wrote a whole front page article about it and sent it in the next day. This leads to the funny photo of Harry Truman grinning and hold this headline up during his inauguration.

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20
Q

Marshall Plan/George Marshall

A

America’s economic plan to rebuild Europe, we wnat to physically rebuild Europe and economically so that they don’t turn to communism.

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21
Q

National Security Act

A
  1. It will create the Department of Defense (DOD)
  2. It will create the National Security Council
  3. It will create the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
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22
Q

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

A

This is our eyes and ears overseas and ocasionally makes things happen overseas for our favor.

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23
Q

National Security Council

A

They advise the president on national security and foreign policies.

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24
Q

Department of Defense

A

They essentially run all the branches of the military.

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25
Q

Jackie Robinson

A
  • He is a civil rights activist who broke the baseball color barrier
  • He is a hall of famer and his jersey number, 42, was retired
  • Fantastic baseball player
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26
Q

Fair Deal

A

1949, Truman said, “Every segment of our population, and every individual, has a right to expect from his government a fair deal.”

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27
Q

What measures did Truman propose with his fair deal?

A
  • Federal Aid to Education
  • Raise Minimum Wage
  • Ensure All Americans
  • Legislate Equal Rights
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28
Q

“Point Four”

A

This was a US plan created by Truman where the US would help underdeveloped countries to improve their social, economic, and political conditions so that they wouldn’t turn to communism.

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29
Q

Berlin Airlift

A

In 1948, when the Soviet Union cut off supplies to its people, western nations began to drop supplies to them.

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30
Q

Armed Forces

A
  • In 1948, it was the first government organization integrated.
  • The first war that was fought as integrated military was the Korean War.
  • Executive order #9881
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31
Q

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

A

Capitalist nations who agree to help each other if attacked. First time America will agree to this during times of peace.

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32
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

Soviet communists nations who agree to help each other if attacked.

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33
Q

Chiang Kai-Shek

A

The leader of China until 1949 and he is backed by the United States because even though he is a dictator, he was not a communist.

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34
Q

Mao Zedong

A

He is the founder of communist China and the leader of China until his death. He had a different type of communism than the USSR.

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35
Q

Korean War

A

1950-1953, communist North Korea invades capitalist South Korea. The US under aid of the United Nations, helps to defend South Korea. A cease-fire and demilitarize zone will end the fighting

keep in mind this did not end the war only the fighting

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36
Q

Douglas McArthur

A

American military general who led the Korean War and was fired by Truman for not following orders.

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37
Q

38th parallel

A

This is the line that divides North Korea and South Korea (the Yalu River)

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38
Q

J. Edgar Hoover

A

He is the FBI director from 1924-1972. He was very powerful and had dirt on everybody

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39
Q

House Un-American Activites Committee (HUAC)

A

This is a permanent congressional committee the investigates communism in the US. It must be connected to Richard Nixon (very famous member of it). They tried to take out Hollywood because they thought it was being infiltrated by communists.

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40
Q

Julius and Ethel Rosenburg

A

Well known communists who executed for passing atomic secrets to the USSR.

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41
Q

Joseph McCarthy/McCarthyism/Army McCarthy Hearings

A

Senator from Wiscounsin who begins a politically paranoid and panicked attack on communism in America. He will finally lose support when he attacks the military

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42
Q

Mutally Assured Destruction (MAD)

A

Basically if you nuke me, I nuke you and we both blow the world up.

Background ➡Russia now has nuclear weapons

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43
Q

Fallout Shelters

A

A place for people to go and be safe from nukes.

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44
Q

22nd Amendment

A

Officially limits the president to only being president for two 4-year terms.

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45
Q

Billy Graham

A

As culture changes and as television increases religion rises along with it. Billy Graham is one of the first and most famous televangelists. He also had no scandals.

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46
Q

Rock’n’Roll/Elvis Presley

A

A new style of music and Elvis Presley is the most famous singer of Rock’n’Roll

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47
Q

Marilyn Monroe

A

Actress and one of the 1st major sex icons in the US. She had escapades with both JFK and his brother RFK.

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48
Q

Dwight D. Eisenhower

A
  • He was the second president of the Cold War, 1953-1961, republican.
  • He made a promise during candidacy that he woudl go to Korea if elected and he did
  • Richard Nixon was his vice president
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49
Q

TV and the election of 1952

A

This is the first time that televison is influential in elections.

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50
Q

Checkers Speech

A

Richard Nixon was caught with something illegal and he delivered this speech and the public forgave him temporarily.

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51
Q

Mohammed Reza Pahlevi

A

CIA started a coup in Iran and placed their own leader in charge, Mohammed Reza Pahlevi.

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52
Q

Geneva Conference

A

When Vietnam revolted against France (their colonial power), they will divide the country in 2: the northern communists and the southern capitalists.

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53
Q

17th parallel

A

This is the line that separates Vietnam into North (communists) and South (capitalists)

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54
Q

Brown v. Board of Education

A

This is a Supreme Court case where they will argue to end segregation in public schools. It will officially overturn Plessy v. Ferguson court case. It ruled that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional.

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55
Q

Rosa Parks

A

She was a famous civil rights leader who is connected with the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

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56
Q

Martin Luther King Jr.

A

1958-1968, He was known for nonviolent protest and his ability to write and speak. Arguably the most famous leader.

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57
Q

Federal/Interstate Highway Act 1956

A
  • Created by Eisenhower as a way to connect and protect America.
  • He modeled it after the “Autobahn” *which was created by the Germans to move their tanks.
  • 42,000 miles of interstate
  • Was created to connect the East and West America
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58
Q

Eisenhower Doctrine

A
  • This pledges US military and economic aid to any nation being threatened with armed aggression by communism
  • Essentially this continues the containment theory but this adds the military to it.
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59
Q

Domino Theory

A

If one country falls to communism, others will follow. (Connected to South East Asia)

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60
Q

Eisenhower’s Domestic Policy

A

This was dynamic conservationism, meaning he is open with people but conservative with money.

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61
Q

Little Rock Incident

A

State of Arkansas will not integrate public schools and Eisenhower will send federal troops.

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62
Q

Nikita Khrushchev

A
  • The leader of the USSR 1958-1964
  • He is responsible for the Bay of Pigs and Cuban Missile Crisis
  • He will de-Stalinize the USSR
  • When Eisenhower wants open skies as a peace offering, Khrushchev will reject it
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63
Q

Sputnik

A

The USSR launches the 1st satellite into space which starts the space race.

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64
Q

National Defense Education Act (NDEA)

A
  • The US wants highly trained individuals with a higher education to aid in the space race.
  • They create the first federal student loan program as well as federal scholarships to encourage people to go to college.
  • They also make advancements in education with better mathematics, science, and foreign language education.
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65
Q

1959

A

Alaska and Hawaii officially become states. the election of 1960 is the 1st election where all 50 states vote.

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66
Q

Fidel Castros

A

He will be the leader and bring Communism to Cuba

US didn’t know what to do here because of the containment doctrine but USSR had nothing to do with this

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67
Q

Greensburo 4

A
  • The most famous group of the sit-in peaceful protesters.
  • They were from Greensburo North Carolina and there are four of them
  • They are trying to integrate restaurants
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68
Q

U-2 Incident/Paris Conference

A

An American spy plane will be shut down over USSR territory, which will increase tensions.

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69
Q

Ernest Hemingway

A

He wrote “The Old Man and the Sea”

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70
Q

John Steinback

A

He wrote “East of Eden” and “Travels with Charlie”

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71
Q

Joseph Heller

A

He wrote “Catch-22” which creates the saying catch-22

72
Q

Kurt Vonnegut Jr.

A

He wrote “Slaughterhouse-Five”

73
Q

John Updike

A

He wrote “Rabbit, Run”

74
Q

Tennessee Williams

A

He wrote “A Streetcar Named Desire” and “A Cat on a Hot Tin Roof”

75
Q

Arthur Miller

A

He wrote “Death of a Salesman”

76
Q

Ralph Ellison

A

He wrote “Invisible Man” (Ralph is black and he was writing about how black people were treated as though they were invisible)

77
Q

William Faulkner

A

He wrote “The Sound of Fury” and “Light in August”

78
Q

J.D. Salinger

A

He wrote “Catcher in the Rye”

79
Q

Election of 1960

A

the two candidates were:
- Richard Nixon (republican)
- John Fitzgerald Kennedy (democrat)

JFK wins and his vice president is Lyndon B. Johnson.
Concept of social media changes elections forever

80
Q

John F. Kennedy

A
  • 1961-1963 democrat
  • First Catholic to ever be elected
  • Youngest to ever be elected
  • His inaugural speech is the most famous in American history
  • “Ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country”
  • Husband to Jackie Kennedy
  • Created the New Frontier and started the Peace Corp.
81
Q

Robert McNamara

A
  • Secretary of defense that is famous for 2 things: flexible response ➡ America will create new military groups to meet the current needs: one of these new groups is called the green berets
82
Q

New Frontier/Peace Corps

A

This is Kennedy’s domestic and social program. The new frontier is space and peace corps is a program that that trains and deploys volunteers to provide international development assistance.

83
Q

Détente

A

Starts with JFK but does not end with him and it means better relations with the USSR.

84
Q

Robert F. Kennedy

A

Brother of JFK, appointed as attorney general. He will go after the mob and be a huge advocate for the civil rights movement. While giving a speech and running for president in 1968, he will be killed.

85
Q

Bay of Pigs Invasion

A

US funded and armed Cuban exiles in a hope to overthrow Castro. It was unsuccessful and Castro will begin talks with the USSR.

86
Q

Berlin Wall

A
  • 1961-1989
  • It is the physical and symbolic idea of the Cold War.
  • 2 famous presidential speeches were given there: JFK ➡ “I am a Berliner” speech and Ronald Reagan ➡ “Tear Down This Wall” speech
87
Q

Freedom Riders

A

A group of both black and white people who are protesting against segregation on public transportation/buses

88
Q

James Meredith

A
  • Begins to integrate post-secondary schools (colleges).
  • He was the first African-American to attend the University of Mississippi.
89
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

A
  • 13 days in October (also known as the October Crisis) when the US and USSR get as close to dropping nukes as there was.
  • After an agreement, the US and Kennedy will win and the USSR will lose. The USSR will begin what’s known as the arms race
  • The USSR realizes that if they were to drop the nukes that they didn’t have the military to defeat us so they are trying to build up their military
90
Q

Yuri Gagarin

A

He is a Soviet and the 1st man in space

91
Q

John Glenn

A

He is the 1st man to orbit Earth

92
Q

Apollo Project

A

The capsule and mission to the moon.

93
Q

Apollo 11

A

This is the 1st successful mission to the moon.

94
Q

People on the moon

A
  • Neil Armstrong was the first person to step foot on the moon
  • Buzz Aldrin was the second person to step foot on the moon.
95
Q

Birmingham, Alabama

A
  • Arguably the most segregated city in America
  • MLK will write one of the most famous writings in the Birmingham jail
96
Q

Eugene Connor

A
  • His actions take place in Birmingham, AL
  • His nickname was the “Bull”
  • He was responsible for using fire hoses and dogs on protesters and black people
97
Q

George Wallace

A

He was the governor of Alabama and he believes in allowing segregation.

98
Q

March on Washington

A
  • 1963
  • They are marching for jobs (and allowing equality in jobs)
  • MLK gives the “I Have a Dream” speech, which will change the face of the civil rights movement
99
Q

Betty Friedman

A
  • Most famous feminist and connected to founding feminism. She was known as the Godmother to Feminism
100
Q

Lee Harvey Oswald

A
  • November of 1963
  • In Dallas, Texas he will “shoot” and kill President Kennedy.
  • Oswald is killed by a Mafia member (Jack Ruby) a few days after that
101
Q

Lyndon B. Johnson

A
  • 1963-1969 democrat
  • Former Senate Majority Leader
  • His wife was a very famous first lady and she was known as Lady Bird Johnson
  • Gave the Johnson treatment (get closer and louder until you get what you want basically)
102
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

One of the most important piece of law for blacks and it bans discrimination in public settings

103
Q

Voting Rights Act of 1962

A

Outlaws literacy tests (don’t have to prove education to vote), if discrimination is found the federal government can step in if needed.

104
Q

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

A

Helps to ban discrimination when it comes to jobs

105
Q

“Great Society”

A

LBJ’s programs to move America forward

106
Q

War on Poverty

A

LBJ’s goal to try and end poverty in America.
AKA: the War that will Never War

107
Q

Department of Transportation/Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

A

New Cabinets Departments to help blacks and the poor

108
Q

Medicare and Medicaid

A

It will help the poor and elderly with medical

109
Q

Project Headstart

A

Helping with education (mostly preschool)

110
Q

Election of 1964 Candidates

A
  • Barry Goldwater (republican)
  • Lyndon B. Johnson (democrat)
111
Q

Election of 1964

A

Sees for the first time the influence of TV ads. The Daisy Ad that was ran by LBJ was very persuasive.

112
Q

24th amendment

A

Outlaws poll taxes (no longer pay to vote)

113
Q

Equal Rights Amendment

A
  • It was asking for equality for women
  • Passes both Houses of Congress
  • Originally approved by enough states but before it becomes an amendment states will revoke their vote
  • It will not pass
114
Q

Malcom X

A

He is a famous black power leader who was assassinated by his own people (Nation of Islam)

115
Q

Nation of Islam

A

Black Muslims who believe in segregation

116
Q

Black Panthers

A

The most violent civil rights group

117
Q

Vietnam War Dates

A
  • 1955 ➡ The Vietnam War Begins
  • 1964 ➡ US joins the war
  • 1973 ➡ US leaves the war
  • 1975 ➡ The Vietnam War Ends
118
Q

Vietnam War Controversy

A
  • The most controversial was in US history so far (Iraq is #1 now)
  • It is controversial because of the draft
119
Q

Ho Chi Minh

A

He is the founder of communism in North Vietnam. He was the leader until his death.

120
Q

Vietcong

A

A group of rebellious South Vietnamese soldiers who believe in communism. They were aided by North Vietnam.

121
Q

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

A
  • 1964
  • US Battleship attacked by North Vietnam in the Gulf of Tonkin.
  • Because of this attack, the US enters the war
  • Starts the downfall of the LBJ presidency
122
Q

Napalm

A

New military weapon. A highly flammable and sticky substance used to destroy areas of plants so that enemy soldiers cannot hide.

123
Q

Agent Orange

A

New chemical weapon. Chemical that permanently kills shrubs and trees that the enemy used as cover.

124
Q

Where did the most draft protests happen?

A

Many draft protests happened at college campuses

125
Q

The draft

A

Money plays a role in who gets drafted, poor are drafted more than the rich, and race also plays a role in who gets drafted.

126
Q

Doves

A

A person who is in favor of leaving Vietnam

127
Q

Hawkes

A

A person in favor of continuing military efforts in Vietnam

128
Q

Operation Rolling Thunder

A

America begins to try and bomb their way to success in Vietnam

129
Q

Six-Day War

A

Middle-East countries led by Egypt attack Israel, Israel will be at the crap out of them and win the war in 6 days. Israel wins back a lot of territory.

130
Q

Tet Offense

A

The turning point in Vietnam War. After this battle, America realizes the war will be long and bloody, and the people will lose support

131
Q

Election of 1968

A

Candidates: (LBJ does not rerun)
- RFK (leading democrat but gets assassinated)
- Richard Nixon (republican and winner)
- Hubert Humphrey (democrat)
- George Wallace (independent)

132
Q

3 P’s of 1960’s

A
  1. Youthful Population bulge (baby boom)
  2. Protest against: Racism, Vietnam, & women
  3. Apparent Prosperity
133
Q

Stone Wall Inn/Riots

A

The 1st and beginning protest for the gay movement in America

134
Q

Richard Nixon

A

1969-1974 republican, Rises to fame from the HUAC, VP under Eisenhower. He was the only president to ever resign.

135
Q

Philadelphia Plan

A

It will help black federal employees and it will change affirmative action from people to groups

136
Q

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

A

An agency to help and protect the environment.

137
Q

Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA)

A

Created to protect and help workers

138
Q

Clean Air Act of 1970 & Endangered Species Act of 1970

A

It protects nature and animals

139
Q

Nixon Doctrine

A

Nixon does a good job with détente (better relations with USSR)

140
Q

Vietnamesation

A

The US withdraws troops from Vietnam

141
Q

Ping Pong Diplomacy

A
  • Better relations with China
  • Nixon is the first sitting president to go to China
142
Q

Kent State Massacre

A

National guard killed 4 college protestors

143
Q

26th amendment

A
  • Changed the voting age from 21 to 18
  • Because “Old enough to fight, old enough to vote”
144
Q

Pentagon Papers

A

Leaked information posted in newspapers that shows the government/president are not always truthful

145
Q

Title 9/ix

A

It prohibits discrimination based on sex, usually found within education

146
Q

War Powers Act

A

The president can send troops for a certain number of days before congressional approval

147
Q

Paris Peace Accords

A

1973, America will end involvement in Vietnam

148
Q

Henry Kissinger

A

National Security advisor and helped shape cold war policies

149
Q

SALT/SALT II (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks)

A

Limited the amount and range of weapons

150
Q

Earl Warren

A

Liberal Judge, court case of Miranda Warning/Rights (allowed arrested individuals to stay silent)

151
Q

Warren Burger

A

Conservative, court case of Roe V. Wade (legalize abortion)

152
Q

Executive Priviledge

A

Nixon argued the president and his staff don’t have to give testimony for classified information

153
Q

Resignations

A

Nixon’s VP will resign, Nixon appoints another VP and Nixon himself resigns.

154
Q

Gerald Ford

A
  • 1974-1977 republican
  • The only president to never be election and the only president to take over when there was no death.
  • He fully pardoned Nixon and granted amnesty to draft dodgers.
  • Helsinki Accords
155
Q

Helsinki Accords

A

We will recognize the USSR’s boundaries in exchange for human rights as long as the USSR guarantees rights to their people the US will accept their boundaries.

156
Q

Election of 1976

A

Candidates:
- Gerald Ford (republican)
- Jimmy Carter (democrat and winner)

157
Q

Jimmy Carter

A

1977-1981 democrat, former Georgia Governor. 2 reason why he won:
1. He promised to never lie to America
2. He is a Washington outsider

158
Q

Iranian Hostage Crisis

A

Final straw to end Carter’s presidency in which American troop are held hostage by Iranian troops and Jimmy Carter cannot get them out.

159
Q

Draft Dodgers

A

They dodged the draft by burning their cards, not showing up, leaving the country, or maiming them elf.

160
Q

What was Jimmy Carter’s good foreign affair?

A

Jimmy Carter got Israel and Egypt to sign the Camp David accord.

161
Q

Election of 1980

A

Candidates:
- Jimmy Carter (democrat)
- Edward “Ted” Kennedy (democrat hopeful who has to drop out because he killed someone in a car crash)
- Ronald Reagan (republican and winner)

162
Q

Ronald Reagan

A
  • Top 10 president
  • 1981-1989 republican
  • former actor and governor of California
  • Returns to conservatism
  • Wins both his terms in a landslide
  • He dislikes big government
  • He was a hard liner for the USSR
163
Q

End to Iranian Hostage Affair

A

Ronald Reagan brings an end to the Iranian hostage crisis (basically what Carter cannot do Reagan can)

164
Q

Attempted Assassination

A
  • Ronald Reagan had an attempted assassination by John Hinckley Jr. who shot and wounded Reagan
  • This increases Reagan’s popularity
  • Reagan will recover quickly
165
Q

Reaganomics

A
  • AKA the “trickle down economy”
  • if you give money to the wealthy or big business they will then give it to the people who need it
166
Q

Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)

A
  • AKA the Star Wars program
  • Where the government wants to weaponize satellites
167
Q

Iran-Contra Affair

A

Reagan’s major presidential scandal where we exchanged weapons for terrorists/non-American countries in exchange for hostages. Reagan survives because he comes forward and apologizes.

168
Q

Election of 1984

A

Candidates:
- Ronald Reagan (republican & wins by a landslide) his VP was George H. W. Bush
- Walter Mondale (democrat) his VP was Geraldine Ferraro
During the debate Ronald Reagan makes a joke about his age that wins him the election

169
Q

Geraldine Ferraro

A

In the election of 1984 she was running for VP with Walter Mondale and she was the 1st woman on a major ticket

170
Q

Sandra Day O’Connor

A

She was the first female supreme court justice

171
Q

Webster vs. Reproductive Rights

A

begins to limit abortion by allowing states to have say

172
Q

Election of 1989

A

Candidates:
- George H. W. Bush (republican and winner)
- Michael Dukakis (democrat main guy)
- Gary Hart (democrat that drops because of sex scandal)
- Jesse Jackon (democrat that tried to get a rainbow coalition which fails)

173
Q

1989

A

The Berlin Wall falls beginning the be the physical collapse of the Soviet Union

174
Q

George H. W. Bush

A
  • 1989-1992 republican
  • He is president when the Cold War will officially end
175
Q

Mikhail Gorbachev

A

Final leader of the Soviet Union form 1985-1991

176
Q

Boris Yeltsin

A

1st president of the Russian Federation or New Russia

177
Q

1991

A

3 things:
1. USSR will fall
2. America will be the only world super power
3. Bush will call for a “new world order” where democracy will reign and Diplomacy would replace weapons

DC US History (4 decks)

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