Chapters 27-30 Flashcards
Jingoism
It is aggressive, inflammatory, and sometimes not true words/information that are used/presented by a nation.
Yellow Journalism
→Biased media that may or may not be accurate so that people can make a profit.
→The two people that are always connected/responsible for yellow journalism are William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, and they helped start the Spanish American War.
William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer
The two people that are always connected to is yellow journalism are William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, and they helped start the Spanish American War.
Josiah Strong
→He is connected with Anglo Saxonism
→He believed that white English speaking nations are superior and should help civilize/settle the world (White Man’s Burden)
→Josiah strong will connect the white English speaking nations with Christianity and it becomes a mission field
Alfred Thayer Mahan
→He is a naval officer who writes a book arguing that the strongest nations have the strongest navy.
→Basically who controls the sea controls the world.
→He also uses this to lead into how we need to have naval bases around the world with coal/coaling stations so that we can refuel and make it to Japan (more specifically from Pearl Harbor).
Queen Liliuokalani
→She is the ruler of Hawaii who wants to remove American influence.
→She wants Hawaii to rule Hawaii and she wants to stay in power.
→Farmers and planters will revolt, remove her from power, and side with the United states.
→We want Hawaii so we can put a naval base on it (Pearl Harbor) and we want sugar.
Pearl Harbor
The main reason we want Hawaii is because of the naval base (Pearl Harbor)
Anti-Imperialist League
→This was a diverse group (consisting of clergymen, industrialists, labor leaders, and university presidents) and if was formed to protest America’s colonial oversight in the Philippines.
→It was the largest lobbying organization on a U.S. foreign-policy issue until the end of the 19th century.
→Declined when the US signed the Treaty of Paris (approving Philippine annexation) and when hostilities broke out between Filipino nationalist and American Forces.
Great Rapprochement
American diplomats began to cultivate close and cordial relations with Great Britain—a relationship that would intensify further during WWI
McKinley Tariff
Brought through Congress by President William McKinley, this tariff raised import taxes on Hawaiian sugar and set off renewed effort to secure the annexation of Hawaii to the United States.
Insular Cases
Beginning in 1901, a badly divided Supreme Court decreed in these cases that the Constitution did not follow the flag. In other words, Puerto Ricans and Filipinos would not necessarily enjoy all human rights.
John Hay
He was a secretary of state that created the Open Door Policy with China.
Spheres of Influence
European Nations that broke up and controlled China. The United States does not own any part of China.
Open Door note/policy
These are a set of diplomatic letters where The Open Door Policy was aimed to promote equal trading opportunities for all countries with China, while also respecting China’s territorial integrity (gaining them independence). The policy was first articulated by Secretary of State John Hay in a series of notes between 1899 and 1900
Boxer Rebellion
An uprising in China the was against foreign influence. The Boxer Rebellion paved the way for the revolution of 1911, which led to the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912.
→We send troops to help squash the rebellion, this will lead to China opening up to the US.
→First time in history that a president sent troops out without congressional approval.
Root-Takahira Agreement
→It was signed on November 30, 1908, where the US and Japan agreed to respect each others’ territorial possessions in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door in China.
→The Agreement was credited with easing tensions between the two nations, but it also resulted in a weakened American influence over further Japanese leadership/control in China.
William Howard Taft
→He was a republican president from 1909-1913, Roosevelt was willing to fight and he loved to fight while Taft did not like to fight.
→Taft’s idea is Dollar Diplomacy which is where America will help with trade and build up poverty stricken nations so they can gain their independence from their colonial powers, so instead of fighting their way out they economically rise which is slower.
→“Substitute dollars for bullets”
Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt
→Teddy Roosevelt (1901-1909) republican
→Roosevelt who believes in imperialism and in becoming an empire. (2nd of 3 imperial presidents)
→He also believes in White Man’s Burden and that it was America’s responsibility to help
→Was the first president to win the Nobel peace prize
The Great White Fleet
December-February of 1907-1909, America has new warships and we want to show them off, we paint them white, and we sent them on a world tour to show that we have to ability to defend ourselves and we had the third largest navy at this time.
Big Stick Policy
”Speak softly and carry a big stick” Basically it’s saying we may not speak a big game but we have the ability to protect and take care of ourselves, basically it’s our navy.
Roosevelt Corollary
→It says that the US has a right to intervene in domestic affairs in Latin America in order to restore order.
→It will add to and further the Monroe Doctrine and it will tell the world that we now have the capability to defend ourselves and our territories, stay away 👊💥.
Imperialism
→The root word of imperialism is empire
→America becomes an empire.
→Official definition is when a country politically and or economically dominates another country.
Pan-American Conference/James G. Blaine
James Blaine is a former presidential candidate and he helps expand American and Latin America relations.
Pan-American means America and Latin America relations.
USS Maine
The second and main cause of the Spanish American War. February of 1898 an American battleship will go to Cuba to protect our interests and rescue our citizens if needed. While in the Havana harbor the warship will explode. Later on its proven that it was simply an accident but the Spanish get blamed.
Dupuy de Lome/ de Lome Letter
He is a Spanish ambassador whose private letter is made public and he will call the president weak, and it will be a black eye.
Spanish-American War
→April-August of 1898, known as a splendid little war.
→Most Americans died of disease rather than fighting.
→William McKinley is the president.
→This is the war that makes us an empire.
→What starts the war is Cuba. Cuba revolts causing us to join the war.
Treaty of Paris, 1898
The War lasted from April to August. The US gain 5 things from the war:
→By winning the war we become an Empire.
→We gain Cuba (Platt amendment and American pretectorate).
→We gain Guam.
→We gain Puerto Rico (Foraker Act).
→We gain the Philippines (we buy from Spain for $20-25 million)
Rough Riders
→Are a volunteer group (untrained) led by Leonard Wood and future president Teddy Roosevelt.
→They will charge up Kettle Hill and then help to capture San Juan Hill.
Teller Amendment
A condition to McKinley’s war plans that proclaimed to the world the when the US had Spanish misrule, it would give Cuba its freedom. The amendment testified to the ostensibly “anti-imperialist” designs of the initial war plans.
→In April of 1898, and it deals with the territory of Cuba,
→It is before we start the war,
→We tell Cuba that we will help them gain independence and the teller amendment is us telling them that.
Insurrectos
Cuban insurgents who sought freedom from colonial Spanish rule. Their destructive tactics threatened American economic interests in Cuban plantations and railroads.
Platt Amendment
We told the Cubans before the war that we would give them indepence after the war but we didn’t. So the Platt Amendment was created and it tells Cuba that they can govern themselves but we technically rule them and can intervene as we see fit.
Valeriano “Butcher” Weyler
After Cuba declares its independence, Spain will send Valeriano Weyler to get them back into order. He is successful in doing this, but it hurts Spain tremendously, and it causes Spain to lose their reputation.
Guantanamo Bay
The most important thing that we wanted from Cuba was Guantanamo Bay which was a naval base in Cuba. We house terrorists on Cuba because it’s not on American soil. We had two naval bases.
Foraker Act
→Puerto Rico becomes an unincorporated territory (they have no rights and they are not citizens and we can do whatever we want).
Puerto Rico
A territory gained after the Spanish American War.
George Dewey
→He is a naval commander in the Pacific
→He will help capture the Philippines during the war.
→He captures the Philippines so quickly that he actually has to wait on the navy
→Because he captures them so quickly that we know that we can beat the Spanish
Emilio Aguinaldo
He was the Filipino Leader who sided with the USA, hoping that when Spain was defeated to gain independence/freedom.
Philippine Insurrection
When America did not grant independence/freedom the Filipinos rebelled and more death and destruction would occur than during the Spanish American War. It took roughly 50 years for the US to grant them independence (1946).
Guam
Guam is a territory that the US gained from the Spanish American War.
Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty
It is a treaty signed between the United States and Panama to build a canal in Panama.
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
- A treaty signed that gives America exclusive rights to build a canal through Central America, more specifically the canal goes through Panama
- This treaty was signed between the US and Great Britian
Panama Canal
→It took ten years to build
→It is Roosevelt’s lasting legacy to world history.
→One of the modern wonders of the world.
→Positively affects world shipping and the American navy.
Muckrakers
→A journalist or writer who will dig through businesses or organizations to try and find the truth.
→They are given the name by Teddy Roosevelt.
Ida Tarbell
She is a female muckraker who was going after big businesses, more specifically she went after the Standard Oil Company.
Henry Lloyd
He is a muckraker going after monopolies.
Lincoln Steffens
He is a muckraker who is always connected with government reforms and how we can make the government better.
Jacob Riis/”How the other half lives”
→He is the first of the Muckrakers
→He wrote the book How The Other Half Lives and he is trying to expose tenement house.
→He does end up accomplishing and tenement houses get better, though they had one unforeseen side effect: the price goes up.
Upton Sinclair/”The Jungle”
Always connect Upton Sinclair to his book The Jungle where he will write about the horrific and poor conditions in the meatpacking industry, specifically in Chicago but it applies to everywhere.
Robert M. (“Fighting Bob”) La Follette
He is a Wisconsin politician who will argue that more freedom, more democracy, and more voting is needed.
Initiative
→An initiative means that voters can propose laws or bills.
→Now only the Legislature can propose laws or bills
Referendum
A progressive reform procedure allowing voters to place a bill on the ballot for final approval, even after being passed by legislature.
→A referendum means that people can vote on laws or bills.
Australian Ballot
A system that allows voters privacy in making their ballot choices. Developed in Australia in the 1850’s, it was introduced to the United States during the progressive era to help counteract boss rule.
→Means that it is a secret ballot that no one knows who you vote for, anonymous voting.
Recall
A progressive ballot procedure allowing voters to remove elected officials from office.
→This happens hardly at all and some positions you cannot do it with but it still happens to this day.
Elkins Act
Law passed by Congress to impose penalties on railroads that offered rebates and customers who accepted them. The law strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887.
Frances E. Willard
She is the leader of WCTU (Women’s Christian Temperance Union)
Seventeenth Amendment
It is known historically as the direct election of Senators, the people get to vote for their senators, they are no longer chosen by state legislatures.
Eighteenth Amendment
The 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol for beverage purposes within the United States.
Hepburn Act
*The Hepburn Act of 1906 gave the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) the power to regulate railroads.
*Passed following several unpopular price increases by rail companies,
*It also allowed the government to set “fair, just, and reasonable” rates for the railroads.
Muller vs. Oregon
A landmark Supreme Court case where they accepted the constitutionality of limiting the hours of women workers.
→It established a different standard for male and female workers.
→This is always connected to women laborers.
Lochner vs. New York
A setback from labor reformers, this 1905 Supreme Court decision invalidated a state-law establishing a ten-hour day for the bakers. It held that the “right to free contract” was implicit in the due process clause of the 14th amendment.
→This deals with the idea of a certain hour work day.
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
It was in New York 1911, 150 young immigrant women were killed in a workplace fire. You’ll begin to see some changes in the American workplaces.
Social Gospel
A reform movement led by Protestant ministers who used religious doctrine to demand better housing and living conditions for the urban poor.
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WTCU)
Founded in 1874, this organization advocated for the prohibition of alcohol, using women’s supposedly greater purity and morality as a rallying, and they were led by Frances Willard.
An organization to help restrict the sale of alcohol and they will be the leading voice for prohibition.
Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)
→He is the first of three progressive presidents
→Second of three imperial presidents
→Known historically as a trust buster, he is actually a trust regulator.
→He’s the first president to effectively use the Sherman Antitrust act.
→He prefers to not break up big business but he will if he has to.
→He gets shot in the chest and still performs an hour-long speech before going to the hospital.
Square Deal
It is Roosevelt’s policy to help progress America forward. This policy involves the three C’s.
→Conservation
→Corporation
→Consumers
more info on each of the three C’s are on separate cards
Department of Commerce Labor/Bureau of Corporations
Roosevelt creates a new cabinet department and a new agency to help investigate and control/regulate big businesses. The government would investigate big businesses but before they went public with this information they gave the businesses a chance to fix their books. This is good 😊.
Northern Securities Court Case
Roosevelt will take JP Morgan to court, will win the court case, and there’s two things that come from this:
→The Sherman antitrust act can work.
→Theodore Roosevelt proved that he and the government is more powerful than big businesses through winning against Morgan.
Meat Inspection Act
A law passed by Congress to subject meat shipped over state lines to federal inspection. The publication of Upton Sinclair’s novel, “The Jungle,” earlier that year so disgusted American consumers with its description of conditions in slaughterhouses and meatpacking plants that it mobilized public support for government action.
Pure Food and Drug Act
— Comes about when government realizes it’s not just the meat but all the food that needs to be inspected.
— A law passed by Congress to inspect and regulate the labeling of all foods and pharmaceuticals intended for human consumption.
— This act also help with pharmaceutical drugs by letting people know what they really were.
Gifford Pinchot
He will be the head of a new agency known as the division of forestry.
John Muir
He is a friend and big conservationist of Roosevelt’s.
Conservation
→Roosevelt wanted to preserve the beauty of America over big business taking it away. He realized that if they didn’t preserve the beauty of the land the businesses would destroy them.
→He creates a lot of National Parks
New Nationalism
— President Theodore Roosevelt gave a speech where he called for the end of special protections for businesses in government.
— Must be connected with Roosevelt it’s his ideas of how to make a stronger federal government.
