Chapters 34-37 Flashcards
- After delivery of the placenta, the mother is experiencing vaginal bleeding. After massaging the uterine fundus. and allowing the mother to breastfeed, the bleeding stops. This occurred because:
breastfeeding causes uterine blood vessels to dilate.
a portion of the placenta was retained in the uterus.
uterine massage increases blood flow to the uterus.
the production of oxytocin caused uterine contraction.
the production of oxytocin caused uterine contraction.
- Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following, except:
suctioning of the upper airway.
thorough drying with a towel.
positive-pressure ventilations.
some form of tactile stimulation.
positive-pressure ventilations.
- Three days after delivering her baby, a 30-year-old woman complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. Herlevel of consciousness is decreased, and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:
intrauterine bleeding.
pulmonary embolism. C
acute pulmonary edema.
spontaneous pneumothorax.
pulmonary embolism.
- Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, except:
cyanosis.
tachypnea.
retractions.
abnormal airway noise.
cyanosis.
- While triaging patients at the scene of a motor-vehicle crash, you encounter a 5-year-old child who is unresponsive and apneic. After positioning his airway, you should:
deliver 5 rescue breaths.
palpate for a carotid pulse.
categorize him as deceased.
categorize him as immediate.
palpate for a carotid pulse.
- Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than _______ years.
3
4
5
6
3
- EMTS are assessing a 2-year-old child who was riding in a car seat when the vehicle struck a tree while traveling at 45 MPH. The child is conscious and appears alert. There are no obvious signs of trauma to the child, and the car seat does not appear to be damaged. The EMTS should:
remove the child from the car seat and secure him to a pediatric immobilization device.
leave the child in the car seat, but pad around the child’s head with towels or a pillow.
remove the child from the car seat and secure both him and his mother to the stretcher.
secure the child in the car seat with straps and apply a pediatric-sized cervical collar.
remove the child from the car seat and secure him to a pediatric immobilization device.
- In most children, febrile seizures are characterized by:
a blank stare, a duration of between 15 and 30 minutes, and a prolonged postictal phase.
unresponsiveness, complete body relaxation, a fever greater than 105 F, and a short postictal phase
generalized tonic-clonic activity, a duration of less than 15 minutes, and a short or absent phase postictal
isolated tonic clonic activity, a duration of greater than 15 minutes, and a short postictal phase.
generalized tonic-clonic activity, a duration of less than 15 minutes, and a short or absent phase postictal
- The reduction in brain weight and volume increases an older person’s risk for:
stroke.
Delirium.
dementia.
head trauma,
head trauma,
- A 69-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She is semiconscious with a blood pressure of 80/50 mm. and a heart rate of 74 beats/min that is weak. Her daughter, who was uninjured in the crash, tells you that her mother has a history of hypertension and takes beta-blockers. Because this patient is probably in shock, what is the most likely explanation for the absence of tachycardia?
Deterioration of the cardiac conduction system
Intrathoracic bleeding and cardiac compression
The effects of her antihypertensive medication.
Failure of the parasympathetic nervous system
The effects of her antihypertensive medication.
- Upon arriving at the residence of an elderly female who apparently fainted, you find the patient lying supine on her living room floor. She is not moving, and her eyes are closed. A neighbor tells you that she found the patient. this way but did not move her. When you gently tap the patient, she does not respond. You should:
suction her airway, apply a cervical collar, administer high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, and perform a rapid assessment.
open her airway with the head tilt-chin lift maneuver, insert an oral or nasal airway, and assess her blood glucose level to rule out hypoglycemia.
direct your partner to manually stabilize her head while you quickly visualize her chest for signs of breathing.
begin assisting her ventilations with a bag-valve mask while your partner auscultates her lung sounds to ensure adequate positive-pressure ventilation.
direct your partner to manually stabilize her head while you quickly visualize her chest for signs of breathing.
- Upon entering the residence of a geriatric patient with a medical or trauma complaint, the EMT should:
immediately seek out a family member or other caregiver.
observe for conditions that might make the residence unsafe.
begin his or her assessment after gathering any medication bottles.
talk to the patient after performing his or her primary assessment.
observe for conditions that might make the residence unsafe.
- Which of the following statements regarding the aging process is correct?
The process of aging is gradual, and the rate at which a person loses functions does not increase with age.
Because he or she is younger and healthier, a 35-year-old person ages slower than a 75-year-old person,
Human growth and development peaks in the late 40s or early 50s, at which point the aging process sets in.
The older a person gets, the slower the decline in the function of vital organs, such as the kidneys and liver.
The process of aging is gradual, and the rate at which a person loses functions does not increase with age.
- If a pregnant patient must be placed onto a backboard, you should:
place a folded towel behind her head to make it easier to breathe.
elevate the right side of the board with rolled towels or blankets.
raise the foot of the board 12 inches in order to maintain blood pressure.
elevate the head of the board six inches to prevent breathing impairment.
elevate the right side of the board with rolled towels or blankets.
- The third stage of labor begins when the:
placenta is fully delivered.
cervix is completely dilated.
umbilical cord has been clamped.
baby is expelled from the vagina.
baby is expelled from the vagina.
- Capillary refill time is most reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than:
4 years.
6 years.
8 years.
10 years.
6 years.
- An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. She is conscious but clearly restless. Her heart rate is 130 beats/min, and her respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min. She is receiving high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. You should:
be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the hospital.
continue high-flow oxygen therapy, contact medical control, and request permission to administer more albuterol.
begin immediate ventilation assistance and ensure that you squeeze the bag forcefully to open her bronchioles.
begin chest compressions if she becomes unresponsive and her heart rate falls below 80 beats/min.
continue high-flow oxygen therapy, contact medical control, and request permission to administer more albuterol.
- The purpose of the GEMS diamond is to:
help EMS personnel remember what is different about elderly patients.
provide the EMT with a standard format for assessing elderly patients.
replace the typical ABC approach to patient care when caring for the elderly.
provide clues about an elderly patient’s problem by observing his or her home.
help EMS personnel remember what is different about elderly patients.
- Which of the following statements regarding communications with the elderly is correct?
The majority of elderly patients are hearing or visually impaired.
Attempt to calm the elderly patient by using his or her first name.
Explain the justification for a procedure after it has been completed.
Older patients have difficulty understanding when they are stressed.
The majority of elderly patients are hearing or visually impaired.
- An infant is premature if it:
is born before 38 weeks’ gestation or weighs less than 6 pounds.
weighs less than 5.5 pounds or is born before 37 weeks’ gestation.
is born before 40 weeks’ gestation or weighs less than 7 pounds.
weighs less than 5 pounds or is born before 36 weeks’ gestation.
weighs less than 5 pounds or is born before 36 weeks’ gestation.
- An abortion occurs when the fetus and placenta deliver before:
20 weeks
24 weeks
26 weeks
28 weeks
20 weeks
- When the mother is experiencing a contraction, you should instruct her to:
hold her breath.
push for 30 seconds.
take quick short breaths,
rest and breathe deeply.
take quick short breaths,
- In contrast to abruptio placenta, placenta previa:
might not present with heavy vaginal bleeding.
might present without significant abdominal pain.
is caused by hypertension or abdominal trauma.
is typically associated with severe abdominal pain.
might present without significant abdominal pain.
- Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include:
warm, dry skin.
weak distal pulses.
a rapid heart rate.
brisk capillary refill.
weak distal pulses.
- Use of a nonrebreathing mask or nasal cannula in a child is appropriate only if:
an oral airway has been inserted.
his or her tidal volume is adequate.
his or her respirations are shallow.
he or she is breathing inadequately
his or her tidal volume is adequate.
- When assessing an infant’s ventilation status, you should:
observe the chest for rise and fall.
rule out hypoxia if cyanosis is absent.
palpate the abdomen for rise and fall.
give oxygen if the SpO 2 is less than 90%
palpate the abdomen for rise and fall.
- Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with::
extreme restlessness.
drooling or congestion.
skin that is cool and dry.
acute respiratory distress.
drooling or congestion.
- Drawing in of the muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration is called:
tenting.
retracting.
hyperpnea.
accessory muscle use.
retracting.
- Which of the following observations or statements represents the “E” in the GEMS diamond?
Elderly patients present atypically and deserve your respect.
The patient’s residence is cold due to a malfunctioning heater.
A patient is assisted with his or her activities of daily living.
The patient’s medications have not been filled in 2 months.
The patient’s residence is cold due to a malfunctioning heater.
- To minimize distractions and confusion when assessing an older patient, you should:
dismiss the family members from the room or area.
have only one EMT speak to the patient at a time.
elevate your voice and speak directly to the patient.
perform a physical exam and then talk to the patient.
have only one EMT speak to the patient at a time.
- Because of the complexity of the older patient and the vagueness of his or her complaint, you should:
limit your physical examination to the area of pain injury.
rely exclusively on family members for the medical history.
attemptt to differentiate between chronic and acute problems.
perform a rapid assessment on all geriatric patients you treat.
attemptt to differentiate between chronic and acute problems.
- Fractures of the pelvis in older patients often occur as the result of a combination of:
osteoporosis and low-energy trauma.
increased bone density and car crashes.
arthritic joints and high-energy trauma.
acetabular separation and severe falls
osteoporosis and low-energy trauma.
- An elderly patient might understate or minimize the symptoms of his or her illness because:
the nervous system has deteriorated.
of decreased perception of pain.
of conditions such as dementia.
he or she fears hospitalization.
he or she fears hospitalization.
- After delivery of a pulseless and apneic infant who has a foul odor, skin sloughing, and diffuse blistering, you should:
begin full resuscitation and transport.
report the case to the medical examiner.
provide emotional support to the mother.
dry the infant off to stimulate breathing..
provide emotional support to the mother.
