Chapter 25-33

Question 1

1. While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the airbag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced:

open abdominal trauma.

neck and facial injuries.

blunt trauma to the head.

lower extremity fractures.

Answer 1

neck and facial injuries.

Question 2

2. An organ or tissue might better resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:

body’s demand for oxygen is markedly increased.

body’s temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C).

systolic arterial blood pressure is at least 60 mm Hg

heart rate is maintained at more than 100 beats/min.

Answer 2

body’s temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C).

Question 3

3. Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

the clotting ability of the blood is enhanced.

low fluid volume leads to inadequate perfusion.

the patient’s systolic BP is less than 100 mm Hg

at least 10% of the patient’s blood volume is lost.

Answer 3

low fluid volume leads to inadequate perfusion.

Question 4

4. The small, rounded, fleshy bulge immediately anterior to the ear canal is called the:
   incus.

pinna.

tragus

Stapes.

Answer 4

tragus

Question 5

5. You are dispatched to a convenience store, where the clerk sustained a laceration to the side of his neck during a robbery attempt. During your assessment, you note bright red blood spurting from the laceration. You should:

apply direct pressure below the lacerated vessel.

circumferentially wrap a dressing around his neck.

apply pressure to the closest arterial pressure point.

apply direct pressure above and below the wound.

Answer 5

apply direct pressure above and below the wound.

Question 6

6. A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea. You should:

scrape the splinter away with moist, sterile gauze.

cover his right eye and flush the left eye with saline.

cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital.

remove the object with a cotton-tipped applicator.

Answer 6

cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital.

Question 7

7. You are assessing a man who has a head injury and note that cerebrospinal fluid is leaking from his ear. You should recognize that this patient is at risk for:

bacterial meningitis.

hypovolemic shock.

sudden hypotension.

permanent hearing loss.

Answer 7

bacterial meningitis.

Question 8

8. Which of the following nerves allow sensory and motor impulses to be sent from one nerve directly to another?

Somatic

Connecting

Peripheral

Autonomic

Answer 8

Connecting

Question 9

9. You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should:

begin ventilatory assistance.

partially remove the dressing.

begin rapid transport at once.

call for a paramedic ambulance.

Answer 9

partially remove the dressing.

Question 10

10. Early bruising following abdominal trauma often manifests as:

localized pain

red areas of skin.

gross distention

dark purple marks.

Answer 10

red areas of skin.

Question 11

11. Assuming that no obvious signs of intra-abdominal injury are present, which of the following injuries would most likely cause an injury to the liver or spleen to be overlooked?

Femur fracture

Pelvic fracture.

Shoulder fracture

Lumbar spine fracture

Answer 11

Shoulder fracture

Question 12

12. A 40-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain after blunt trauma. He is diaphoretic, intensely thirsty, and has a weak and rapid pulse. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes all of the following, except:

covering him with a warm blanket.

giving him small sips of plain water.

promptly transporting him to the hospital.

administering supplemental oxygen.

Answer 12

giving him small sips of plain water.

Question 13

13. All of the following terms refer to a body part that is cold but not frozen, except:

frostnip.

frostbite

trench foot.

immersion foot.

Answer 13

frostbite

Question 14

14.Breath-holding syncope is caused by a decreased stimulus to breathe and occurs when:

a swimmer breathes shallowly before entering the water.

a diver holds his or her breath during a staged ascent.

a swimmer hyperventilates prior to entering the water.

a diver holds his or her breath for a long period of time.

Answer 14

a swimmer hyperventilates prior to entering the water.

Question 15

15. You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who is sick. The patient complains of a rash to her lower extremities and truncal area. Your assessment reveals a small, painful blister on her inner thigh. As your partner is taking the patient’s vital signs, she states that she and her family returned from a camping trip two days ago On the basis of this patient’s presentation, you should suspect

Lyme disease.

an allergic reaction.

exposure to poison ivy.

Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Answer 15

Lyme disease.

Question 16

16. High air temperature reduces the body’s ability to lose heat by
    radiation.

convection.

conduction.

Evaporation.

Answer 16

radiation.

Question 17

17. The body’s natural protective mechanisms against heat loss are:

shivering and vasodilation.

vasodilation and respiration.

respiration and constriction of blood vessels in the skin.

constriction of blood vessels in the skin and shivering.

Answer 17

constriction of blood vessels in the skin and shivering.

Question 18

18. Passengers who are seated in the rear of a vehicle and are wearing only lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the ________ spine during a rear-end crash.

shivering and vasodilation.

vasodilation and respiration.

respiration and constriction of blood vessels in the skin.

constriction of blood vessels in the skin and shivering.

Answer 18

constriction of blood vessels in the skin and shivering.

Question 19

19. Passengers who are seated in the rear of a vehicle and are wearing only lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the _______ spine during a rear-end crash.

thoracic and sacral

lumbar and coccygeal

thoracic and lumbar

lumbar and sacral

Answer 19

thoracic and lumbar

Question 20

20. The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:

the way in which traumatic injuries occur.

a predictable pattern that leads to serious injuries.

your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.

the detection of less obvious life-threatening injuries.

Answer 20

your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.

Question 21

21. A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. Law enforcement personnel have ensured that the scene is safe. The patient is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:

obtain baseline vital signs.

apply a nonrebreathing mask.

perform a secondary assessment.

assist the patient’s ventilations.

Answer 21

assist the patient’s ventilations.

Question 22

22. Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

Hemophilia is defined as a total lack of platelets.

Patients with hemophilia might bleed spontaneously.

Hemophiliacs take aspirin to enhance blood clotting.

Approximately 25% of the population has hemophilia.

Answer 22

Patients with hemophilia might bleed spontaneously.

Question 23

23. A partial thickness burn involves the outer layer of skin and a portion of the

Epidermis.

fatty layer.

muscle fascia.

dermal layer.

Answer 23

dermal layer.

Question 24

24. A young female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She complains of pain to her left eye, which appears to have a piece of glass impaled in it. Further assessment reveals a large laceration to her left forearm with active venous bleeding. As your partner manually stabilizes the patient’s head, you should:

stabilize the impaled glass in her eye.

administer 100% supplemental oxygen.

apply direct pressure to her arm wound.

carefully remove the glass from her eye.

Answer 24

apply direct pressure to her arm wound.

Question 25

25. Pleural fluid is contained between the:

visceral and parietal pleurae.

parietal pleura and the heart.

visceral pleura and the lung

parietal pleura and the chest wall.

Answer 25

visceral and parietal pleurae.

Question 26

26. While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should:

administer oxygen and transport to the hospital.

immediately perform a rapid head-to-toe exam.

recognize that he needs a needle decompression.

circumferentially tape a dressing around his chest.

Answer 26

administer oxygen and transport to the hospital.

Question 27

27. Peritonitis usually occurs when:

. solid abdominal organs bleed secondary to penetrating trauma.

the vessels that supply the abdominal organs become inflamed.

bacteria or viruses invade the walls of the gastrointestinal tract.

hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents.

Answer 27

hollow abdominal organs are damaged and spill their contents.

Question 28

28. Heatstroke occurs when:

a person’s core body temperature rises above 103°F (39°C);

the body’s heat-eliminating mechanisms are overwhelmed.

a person becomes dehydrated secondary to excess water loss.

the ambient temperature exceeds 90°F (32°C) and the humidity is high.

Answer 28

the body’s heat-eliminating mechanisms are overwhelmed.

Question 29

29. Covering a patient’s will significantly minimize radiation heat loss.

Head

Chest

Abdomen

Extremities

Answer 29

Head

Question 30

30. The venom of a brown recluse spider is cytotoxic, meaning that it:

suppresses the respiratory drive.

destroys the body’s red blood cells.

weakens the structure of the bones.

causes severe local tissue damage.

Answer 30

causes severe local tissue damage.

Question 31

31. During your assessment of a patient with a head injury, you note that he opens his eyes when you pinch his trapezius muscle, is mumbling, and has his arms curled in toward his chest. You should assign him a GCS score of:

7.

8.

9.

10.

Answer 31

7.

Question 32

32. When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should:

use a demand valve to ventilate the patient.

suspect an accompanying cardiac tamponade.

avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure.

administer large amounts of intravenous fluid.

Answer 32

avoid giving oxygen under positive pressure.

Question 33

33. When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant:

will most likely be thrown over the steering column.

remains in motion until acted upon by an external force.

will decelerate at the same rate as the motor vehicle.

is thrust under the steering column onto the floorboard.

Answer 33

remains in motion until acted upon by an external force.

Question 34

34. Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of collisions in a typical impact in a motor vehicular crash?

Collision of the passenger against the interior of the car

Collision of the internal organs against the body’s solid structures

Collision of two passenger bodies within the same vehicle:

Collision of a car against another car, a tree, or another object.

Answer 34

Collision of two passenger bodies within the same vehicle:

Question 35

35. Capillaries link the arterioles and the:
    venules.

aorta.

veins.

cells.

Answer 35

venules.

Question 36

36. You are transporting an immobilized patient with severe facial trauma. As you are preparing to give your radio report to the hospital, the patient begins vomiting large amounts of blood. You should:

quickly suction his oropharynx.

turn the backboard onto its side.

reassess his breathing adequacy.

alert the hospital of the situation.

Answer 36

turn the backboard onto its side.

Question 37

37. Significant trauma to the face should increase the EMT’s index of suspicion for a(n):

airway obstruction.

displaced mandible.

basilar skull fracture.

spinal column injury.

Answer 37

spinal column injury.

Question 38

38. In the setting of a head injury, hypertension, bradycardia, and Biot respirations indicate:

decreased cerebral blood flow.

internal bleeding in the chest.

an underlying skull fracture.

herniation of the brain stem.

Answer 38

herniation of the brain stem.

Question 39

39. A man jumped from the roof of his house and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his heels, knees, and lower back. This mechanism of injury is an example of:

distraction.

axial loading.

hyperextension.

Hyperflexion.

Answer 39

axial loading.

Question 40

40. Rapid deceleration of the head, such as when it impacts the windshield, causes:

compression injuries and contusions to the anterior, posterior, and lateral aspects of the brain.

primary impact to the posterior aspect of the brain, resulting in compression injuries, bruising, or torn blood vessels.

stretching or tearing of the anterior aspect of the brain and compression injuries or bruising to the posterior aspect of the brain.

compression injuries or bruising to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching or tearing to the posterior portion of the brain.

Answer 40

compression injuries or bruising to the anterior portion of the brain and stretching or tearing to the posterior portion of the brain.

Question 41

41. Following blunt trauma to the chest, an 18-year-old female presents with respiratory distress, shallow breathing. and cyanosis. Her blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and her pulse is 130 beats/min and thready. You should:

apply 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

place her supine and elevate her lower extremities.

perform a rapid head-to-toe physical assessment.

provide ventilation assistance with a bag valve mask.

Answer 41

provide ventilation assistance with a bag valve mask

Question 42

42. Compression injuries to the abdomen that occur during a motor vehicle crash are typically the result of:

airbag deployment.

failure to wear seat belts.

a poorly placed lap belt.

rapid vehicle deceleration.

Answer 42

a poorly placed lap belt.

Question 43

43. You are transporting a 28-year-old man with a frostbitten foot. The patient’s vital signs are stable, and he denies any other injuries or symptoms. The weather is treacherous, and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes. During transport, you should:

rewarm his foot in 102°F to 104°F (38.9°C to 40°C) water.

administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask

cover his foot with chemical heat compresses.

protect the affected part from further injury.

Answer 43

protect the affected part from further injury.

Question 44

44. A 31 year-old male was bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake. The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance, further care for this patient should include:

applying ice to the wound and transporting quickly.

transporting only with close, continuous monitoring.

elevating the lower extremities and giving antivenin..

supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting.

Answer 44

supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting.

Question 45

45. Most of the serious injuries associated with scuba diving are caused by:

cold water temperature.

too rapid of a descent.

alcohol consumption.

too rapid of an ascent.

Answer 45

too rapid of an ascent.

Question 46

46. What is the approximate blood volume of an 80-kg adult male?
47. 25 L
48. 0L
49. 25 L
50. 50 L

Answer 46

6.0L

Question 47

47. A 17-year-old male was shot in the right anterior chest during an altercation. As your partner is applying oxygen, you perform a rapid assessment and find an open chest wound with a small amount of blood bubbling from it. You should:

place a sterile dressing over the wound and apply direct pressure.

control the bleeding from the wound and prepare to transport at once.

apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment.

direct your partner to assist the patient’s ventilations with a bag-mask device.

Answer 47

apply an occlusive dressing to the wound and continue your assessment.

Question 48

48. Which of the following head injuries would cause the patient’s condition to deteriorate most rapidly?

Cerebral contusion

Subdural hematoma.

Cerebral concussion

Intracerebral hematoma

Answer 48

Intracerebral hematoma

Question 49

49. When assessing a patient with a hemothorax, you will most likely find:

jugular venous engorgement.

ipsilateral tracheal deviation.

distant or muffled heart tones.

signs and symptoms of shock.

Answer 49

signs and symptoms of shock.

Question 50

50. You are assessing a man with suspected hypothermia. The patient is conscious, alert, and actively shivering His respiratory rate is increased, but his breathing is unlabored, and the pulse oximeter reads 72%. The pulse oximetry reading is most likely:

secondary to decreased perfusion in the extremities.

a direct reflection of his increased respiratory rate.

accurate because he has signs of respiratory failure.

accurate because shivering affects hemoglobin binding.

Answer 50

secondary to decreased perfusion in the extremities.

Question 51

51. A frostbitten foot can be identified by the presence of

gross deformity.

soft, smooth skin.

mottling and blisters.

blanching of the skin.

Answer 51

mottling and blisters.

Question 52

52. You are dispatched to a local high school track and field event for a 16-year-old male who fainted. The outside temperature is approximately 95°F (35°C) with high humidity. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious, alert, and complains of nausea and a headache. His skin is cool, clammy, and pale. You should:

give him a liquid salt solution to drink

administer 100% supplemental oxygen.

apply chemical ice packs to his axillae.

move him into the cooled ambulance.

Answer 52

move him into the cooled ambulance.

Question 53

53. You and your partner are standing by at a large social event at a river resort when a frantic woman tells you that she found a young male floating face-down in the water. Nobody claims to have witnessed the event. After you and your partner enter the water and reach the patient, you should:

move him as a unit to a supine position.

begin ventilations with a barrier device.

immediately secure him to a longboard.

open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.

Answer 53

move him as a unit to a supine position.

Question 54

54. Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT:

the speed of the fall.

the surface struck.

the height of the fall.

the primary impact point.

Answer 54

the speed of the fall.

Question 55

55. In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding might be:

weakness or dizziness.

a low blood pressure.

diaphoresis and pale skin.

a heart rate over 120 beats/min.

Answer 55

weakness or dizziness.

Question 56

56. The upper jawbones are called the:
    mandible.

mastoid.

zygoma.

maxillae.

Answer 56

maxillae.

Question 57

57. The nervous system consists of 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves

Central

Somatic

Autonomic

Peripheral

Answer 57

Peripheral

Question 58

58. While assessing a 21-year-old female who struck a tree head-on with her small passenger car, you note that her airbag deployed. You should:

perform a head-to-toe assessment while she is in the car.

lift the airbag and look for deformity to the steering wheel.

carefully assess her upper chest for seatbelt-related injuries..

extricate her immediately and transport to a trauma center.

Answer 58

lift the airbag and look for deformity to the steering wheel.

Question 59

59. To obtain the most accurate reading of a patient’s core body temperature, you should place a special hypothermia thermometer:

into the patient’s rectum.

under the patient’s tongue.

behind the patient’s knee

under the patient’s armpit.

Answer 59

into the patient’s rectum.

Question 60

60. Hypothermia can worsen internal bleeding secondary to:

cardiac arrhythmias.

a decreased heart rate.

severe muscular rigidity.

blood-clotting abnormalities.

Answer 60

blood-clotting abnormalities.

Question 61

61. Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured?

Local blood vessels begin to dilate.

Red blood cells separate from plasma.

Platelets collect at the injury site.

Red blood cells become less sticky.

Answer 61

Platelets collect at the injury site.

Question 62

62. The ability of a person’s cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is most related to:

his or her baseline blood pressure.

the part of the body injured.

how rapidly he or she bleeds.

how fast his or her heart beats.

Answer 62

how rapidly he or she bleeds.

Question 63

63. A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet and landed in a pile of steel rods. Your assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic and has a 10-foot steel rod impaled in his left leg. You should:

control the bleeding, begin CPR, stabilize the steel rod, immobilize his spine, and transport immediately.

remove the steel rod, control the bleeding, apply an automated external defibrillator, begin CPR, and transport to a trauma center.

stabilize the steel rod, control the bleeding, begin CPR, and rapidly transport to a trauma center.

control the bleeding, carefully remove the steel rod, begin CPR, and transport as soon as possible.

Answer 63

control the bleeding, begin CPR, stabilize the steel rod, immobilize his spine, and transport immediately.

Question 64

64. The superficial temporal artery can be palpated:

slightly above the ear.

at the angle of the jaw.

over the mastoid process

just anterior to the tragus

Answer 64

just anterior to the tragus

Question 65

65. When activated, the sympathetic nervous system produces all of the following effects, except:

pupillary constriction.

increase in heart rate

shunting of blood to vital organs.

dilation of the bronchiole smooth muscle.

Answer 65

pupillary constriction.

Question 66

66. Very young children tend to breathe predominantly with their diaphragm because:

Answer 66

their intercostal muscles are not fully developed.

Question 67

67. To assess a patient’s general body temperature, pull back on your glove and place the back of your hand on his or her skin at the:
    neck.

Chest.

abdomen.

forehead.

Answer 67

abdomen.

Question 68

68. For sweating to be an effective cooling mechanism:

several layers of clothing must be worn.

it must evaporate from the body.

the relative humidity must be above 90%.

the body must produce at least 1 L per hour.

Answer 68

it must evaporate from the body.

Question 69

69. The diving refiex might allow a person to survive extended periods of submersion in cold water secondary to:

bradycardia and a slowing of the metabolic rate.

laryngospasm that protects the lungs from water,

tachycardia and a lowering of the blood pressure.

increases in the metabolic rate and oxygen demand.

Answer 69

bradycardia and a slowing of the metabolic rate.

Question 70

70. You are assessing a 30-year-old woman with multiple large bruises to her chest and abdomen that she experienced during an assault. She is conscious but restless, and her skin is cool and pale. You should be most concerned with:

performing a detailed secondary assessment to locate all of her injuries.

assessing the bruises that overlie major organs in the chest and abdomen.

the fact that her clinical signs could indicate that she is bleeding internally.

obtaining a complete set of vital signs to rule out the possibility of shock.

Answer 70

the fact that her clinical signs could indicate that she is bleeding internally.

Question 71

71. The term “hyphema” is defined as:

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye.

an acute rupture of the globe of the eye.

inflammation of the iris, cornea, and lens.

compression of one or both optic nerves.

Answer 71

blood in the anterior chamber of the eye.

Question 72

72. During your primary assessment of a 19-year-old unconscious male who experienced severe head trauma, you note that his respirations are rapid, irregular, and shallow. He has bloody secretions draining from his mouth and nose. You should:

assist his ventilations with a bag valve mask.

suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds.

immobilize his spine and transport immediately.

pack his nostrils to stop the drainage of blood.

Answer 72

suction his oropharynx for up to 15 seconds.

Question 73

73.After your partner assumes manual in-line stabilization of the patient’s head, you should:

apply an appropriately sized rigid cervical collar.

assess distal neurovascular status in the extremities.

. thoroughly palpate the patient’s head for deformities.

use four people to log roll the patient onto a backboard.

Answer 73

assess distal neurovascular status in the extremities.

Question 74

74. During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you note that the patient has shallow breathing and paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. You should:

request a paramedic to decompress the chest.

make note of it and continue your assessment.

assist ventilations with a bag valve mask.

apply high-flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask.

Answer 74

assist ventilations with a bag valve mask.

Question 75

75.The body’s natural protective mechanisms against heat loss are:

shivering and vasodilation.

vasodilation and respiration.

respiration and constriction of blood vessels in the skin.

constriction of blood vessels in the skin and shivering.

Answer 75

constriction of blood vessels in the skin and shivering.

Question 76

76. Heat loss from the body through respiration occurs when:

warm air is exhaled into the atmosphere..

the core body temperature is greater than 98°F (37°C).

cool air is inhaled and displaces warm air.

air temperature is greater than body temperature.

Answer 76

warm air is exhaled into the atmosphere..

Question 77

77. Heatstroke occurs when:

a person’s core body temperature rises above 103°F (39°C).

the body’s heat-eliminating mechanisms are overwhelmed..

a person becomes dehydrated secondary to excess water loss. C

the ambient temperature exceeds 90°F (32°C) and the humidity is high.

Answer 77

the body’s heat-eliminating mechanisms are overwhelmed..

Question 78

78. According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if he or she:

was involved in a motor vehicle crash in which another patient in the same vehicle was killed.

has a systolic blood pressure of less than 110 mm Hg or a heart rate greater than 110 beats/min.

has a bleeding disorder or takes anticoagulant medications and has any blunt or penetrating injury.

has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma.

Answer 78

has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma.

Question 79

79. When opening the airway of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, you should use the:

tongue-jaw lift maneuver

head tilt-neck lift maneuver.

head tilt chin lift maneuver.

jaw-thrust maneuver.

Answer 79

jaw-thrust maneuver.

Question 80

80. To avoid exacerbating a patient’s injury, it is especially important to use extreme caution when providing positive-pressure ventilation to patients with a:

flail chest.

pneumothorax.

ccardiac tamponade.

myocardial contusion.

Answer 80

pneumothorax.

Question 81

81. A man called EMS 12 hours after injuring his chest. Your assessment reveals a flail segment to the right side of the chest. The patient is experiencing respiratory distress, and his oxygen saturation is 78%. His breath sounds are equal bilaterally, and his jugular veins are normal. You should suspect:

traumatic asphyxia.

pulmonary contusion.

massive hemothorax.

tension pneumothorax.

Answer 81

pulmonary contusion.

Question 82

82. After being stung on the leg by a jellyfish, a man complains of severe pain to his leg, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. He has a red rash covering his trunk, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. The EMT should:

administer oxygen and epinephrine and prepare for rapid transport.

remove the stingers from his leg by scraping them with a stiff object.

begin transport and immerse his leg in hot water to help reduce pain.

apply warmth to the sting area and cover it with a dry sterile dressing.

Answer 82

administer oxygen and epinephrine and prepare for rapid transport.

Question 83

83. Geriatric patients, newborns, and infants are especially prone to hyperthermia because they:

have relatively smaller heads.

have less body fat.

exhibit poor thermoregulation.

have smaller body surface areas.

Answer 83

exhibit poor thermoregulation.

Question 84

84. When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury, it is important to remember that:

secondary blast injuries are usually the least obvious..

primary blast injuries are typically the most obvious.

solid organs usually rupture from the pressure wave.

primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked.

Answer 84

primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked.

Question 85

85. Which of the following would be the least likely cause of an altered level of consciousness in a patient with a burn?

Hypertension.

Hypoglycemia

Hypoperfusion

Head injury

Answer 85

Hypertension.

Question 86

86. The optic nerve endings are located within the:
    retina.

sclera.

pupil.

cornea

Answer 86

retina.

Question 87

87. It would be most appropriate to perform a focused secondary assessment on a patient who:

fainted and fell to the ground from a standing position.

was restrained during a high-speed motor vehicle crash.

has blood draining from the ears following a head injury.

struck his or her head and is experiencing nausea or vomiting.

Answer 87

fainted and fell to the ground from a standing position.

Question 88

88. A sign of kidney damage after blunt trauma is.

hematuria.

hemoptysis.

hematemesis.

hematochezia.

Answer 88

hematuria.

Question 89

89. A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain?

Lateral impact to the spine

Energy transmission to the spine

Direct trauma to the spinal column

Secondary fall after the initial impact

Answer 89

Energy transmission to the spine

Question 90

90. After blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of diffuse abdominal pain and pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be most suspicious of injury to the:

Kidneys

spleen.

pancreas.

gallbladder.

Answer 90

pancreas.

Question 91

91. A 39-year-old male was struck in the head by a baseball during a game. He is confused and has slurred speech. He has a large hematoma in the center of his forehead and cannot remember the events preceding the injury. After manually stabilizing his head and assessing his airway, you should:

perform a neurologic exam.

palpate his radial pulses.

administer high-flow oxygen.

apply ice to the hematoma.

Answer 91

administer high-flow oxygen.

Question 92

92. When a person is lying supine at the end of exhalation, the diaphragm;

contracts and flattens inferiorly.

might rise as high as the nipple line

is less prone to penetrating trauma.

below the level of the navel

Answer 92

might rise as high as the nipple line

Question 93

93. Pneumothorax is defined as:

accumulation of air between the lungs.

blood collection within the lung tissue..

accumulation of air in the pleural space.

blood collection within the pleural space.

Answer 93

accumulation of air in the pleural space.

Question 94

94. Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine:

vital signs should be monitored frequently.

prompt transport to the hospital is essential.

the EMT must perform a thorough exam.

the abdomen must be vigorously palpated.

Answer 94

prompt transport to the hospital is essential.

Question 95

95. Which of the following would be the least likely to occur in a patient with a core body temperature of between 89°F (32°C) and 92°F (33°C)?

Muscle activity increases

Shivering stops

Finger motion ceases

Mental status decreases.

Answer 95

Muscle activity increases

Question 96

96. Which of the following most accurately describes hyperthermia?

The core body temperature exceeds 99.5°F (37°C).

The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose.

Heat evaporates a significant amount of body water.

The body eliminates more heat than it can generate.

Answer 96

The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose.

Question 97

97. Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during:

frontal collisions.

lateral collisions.

rollover collisions..

rear-end collisions.

Answer 97

lateral collisions.

Question 98

98. Bleeding from the nose following head trauma:

is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped.

should be controlled by packing the nostril with gauze.

should be assumed to be caused by a fractured septum.

is usually due to hypertension caused by the head injury.

Answer 98

is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped.

Question 99

99. When caring for a patient with an open facial injury, the EMT’s immediate priority should be to:

closely assess the patient’s airway.

consider the mechanism of injury.

wear gloves and facial protection.

manually stabilize the patient’s head.

Answer 99

wear gloves and facial protection.

Question 100

100.Which of the following is a severe burn in a 2-year-old child?

Superficial burn that covers 25% of the BSA

Any full-thickness burn, regardless of its location on the body

Partial-thickness burn that covers 10% of the BSA

Any burn that involves the arms, legs, or posterior part of the body

Answer 100

Any full-thickness burn, regardless of its location on the body

Question 101

101. Common signs and symptoms of an airway burn include all of the following, except:

hoarseness.

chest pressure.

singed nasal hair.

soot around the mouth.

Answer 101

chest pressure.

Question 102

102.A spinal cord injury at the level of C7 would most likely result in:

immediate cardiac arrest.

paralysis of the diaphragm.

paralysis of the intercostal muscles.

paralysis of all the respiratory muscles.

Answer 102

paralysis of the intercostal muscles.

Question 103

103.Which of the following conditions would be the least likely to increase a person’s risk of hypothermia?

Head injury

Severe infection

Hyperglycemia

Spinal cord injury

Answer 103

Hyperglycemia

Question 104

104. Following direct trauma to the upper part of the anterior neck, a young male presents with labored breathing, loss of voice, and subcutaneous emphysema in the soft tissues around his neck. You should suspect a(n):

esophageal tear.

crushed cricoid.

collapsed trachea.

laryngeal fracture.

Answer 104

laryngeal fracture.

Question 105

105. An indicator of an expanding intracranial hematoma or rapidly progressing brain swelling is:

rapid deterioration of neurologic signs.

a progressively lowering blood pressure.

an acute increase in the patient’s pulse rate.

acute unilateral paralysis following the injury.

Answer 105

rapid deterioration of neurologic signs.

Question 106

106. You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unresponsive, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be most suspicious that this patient has experienced a
     :
     massive hemothorax.

tension pneumothorax.

pericardial tamponade.

laceration of the aorta.

Answer 106

laceration of the aorta.

Question 107

107. You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who is sick. The patient complains of a rash to her lower extremities and truncal area. Your assessment reveals a small, painful blister on her inner thigh. As your partner is taking the patient’s vital signs, she states that she and her family returned from a camping trip two days ago. On the basis of this patient’s presentation, you should suspect:

Lyme disease

an allergic reaction,

exposure to poison ivy.

Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Answer 107

Lyme disease

Question 108

108. To assess a patient’s general body temperature, pull back on your glove and place the back of your hand on his or her skin at the:
     neck.

chest

abdomen.

forehead.

Answer 108

abdomen.

Question 109

109. The driver of a sport utility vehicle lost control and struck a utility pole head-on. The instantly. The passenger, a young female, is conscious and alert and has several small abrasions and lacerations driver was killedto her left forearm. Treatment for the passenger should include:

transport to a trauma center.

a focused exam of her forearm.

transport to a community hospital.

a secondary at the scene

Answer 109

transport to a trauma center.

Question 110

110. A 44-year-old male sustained a laceration to his left ear during a minor car accident. Your assessment reveals minimal bleeding Appropriate care for this injury includes:

applying a tight pressure dressing.

padding between the ear and the scalp.

packing the ear with sterile gauze pads.

covering the wound with a moist dressing.

Answer 110

padding between the ear and the scalp.

Question 111

111. In contrast to Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever:

might be confused with rheumatoid arthritis

can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse.

presents with flu-like symptoms and a bull’s-eye rash.

causes painful joint swelling after a few days or weeks.

Answer 111

can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse.

Question 112

112. During your assessment of a patient who experienced a blast injury, you note that he has a depressed area to the front of his skull. This injury MOST likely occurred:

when the patient was hurled against a stationary object.

as a result of flying debris.

by inhaling toxic gases

as a direct result of the pressure wave.

Answer 112

when the patient was hurled against a stationary object.

Question 113

113. Hypothermia can worsen internal bleeding secondary to:

cardiac arrhythmias

a decreased heart rate.

severe muscular rigidity.

blood-clotting abnormalities:

Answer 113

blood-clotting abnormalities:

Question 114

114. All of the following snakes are pit vipers, except for the:

copperhead.

rattlesnake.

coral snake.

cottonmouth.

Answer 114

coral snake.

Question 115

115. Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash?

Flail chest

Aortic rupture

Extremity fractures

Forehead lacerations.

Answer 115

Flail chest

Question 116

116. The tough, fibrous outer meningeal layer is called the

pia mater.

arachnoid mater.

gray mater.

dura mater

Answer 116

dura mater

Question 117

117. Subcutaneous emphysema is an indication that:

at least half of one lung has completely collapsed.

your patient is experiencing a pericardial tamponade.

air is escaping into the chest wall from a damaged lung.

blood is slowly accumulating within the tissue of the lung..

Answer 117

air is escaping into the chest wall from a damaged lung.

Question 118

118. You and your partner respond to a park where several people were reportedly struck by lightning. When you arrive, you find three patients. The first patient is lying supine on the ground; he is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing. The second patient is ambulatory, appears confused, and is holding his arm against his chest. The third patient is sitting on the ground holding the sides of his head. After calling for backup, you should:

immediately begin CPR on the unresponsive patient, but cease resuscitation efforts if there is no response after five minutes of treatment.

focus your initial treatment efforts on the patients who are conscious because the unresponsive patient is likely in irreversible cardiac arrest.

assess the unresponsive patient’s pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the automated external defibrillator as soon as possible.

recognize that the patients who are conscious are at high risk for developing cardiac arrest and quickly assess them for potentially life-threatening injuries.

Answer 118

assess the unresponsive patient’s pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the automated external defibrillator as soon as possible.

Question 119

119.Immediate death from blunt chest trauma following a motor vehicle crash is most often the result of:

tension pneumothorax

traumatic aortic rupture.

penetrating lung injuries.

a massive cardiac contusion.

Answer 119

traumatic aortic rupture.