Chapters 3-5

Question 1

What is biomechanics:

Answer 1

Is the sport science field that applies the laws of mechanics and physics to human performance.

Question 2

Biomechanics purpose:

Answer 2

To optimise performance by development of techniques.
Technique to reduce and prevent over use or chronic injury.
Modify or develop equipment to widen participation
Transfer skills from practice to games

Question 3

Types of data:

Answer 3

Quantitative which is numerical data

Qualitative which is a description of the quality of performance

Question 4

Newtons first law:

Answer 4

Inertia
A body will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
The heavier and object, the greater it’s inertia.

Question 5

Newton second law:

Answer 5

Acceleration/ Momentum
A force applied to an object will produce a change in motion in the direction of the applied force that is directly proportional to the size of the force.
more force= more acceleration
more mass= slower acceleration
Force= mass x Acceleration

Question 6

Newtons third law:

Answer 6

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

Question 7

Angular motion:

Answer 7

Occurs when an athlete rotates around an axis. This access may be a fixed point or the centre of gravity.
The amount of angular motion possessed by a body is known as angular momentum. It is the product of moment of inertia and the angular velocity of the object rotating around the axis.
. Angular momentum stays the same
. If velocity is low, then moment of inertia is high

Question 8

Types of technologies to analyse movement:

Answer 8

Goniometry: used to measure joint angle
Accelerometers: measures acceleration
Electromyography: used to record electrical activity within a muscle prior to contraction

Question 9

Friction:

Answer 9

Two surfaces in contact with each other.

Friction opposes motion of an object.

Question 10

Impulse:

Answer 10

The application of force over a period of time which changes the velocity of a body or object.

Question 11

Momentum:

Answer 11

The motion possessed by a moving body.

Question 12

Summation of momentum:

Answer 12

Generating force from as many body parts as possible sequentially passing off momentum from larger to smaller muscle groups to generate the maximal velocity.

Question 13

Torque:

Answer 13

Angular motion caused by an eccentric force.
This force does not go through the object centre of gravity
. Can cause an object to rotate causing angular acceleration

Question 14

Speed:

Answer 14

The time taken to cover a distance.

Distance/time= speed m/s

Question 15

Velocity:

Answer 15

The rate of change from point A to B.
- Speed
- Direction
Displacement/Time= Velocity m/s

Question 16

Angular Velocity:

Answer 16

How quickly and object has moved from its starting point in the direction that has moved.

Question 17

Linear acceleration:

Answer 17

How quickly and object changes its rate of motion.

Change in velocity/Time= m/s2

Question 18

Angular Acceleration:

Answer 18

The measure of the rate of change of angular position can be
positive (speeding up) or negative (slowing down)

Question 19

Angular Distance:

Answer 19

A measure of the degrees an object goes around its axis

Question 20

Angular displacement

Answer 20

Is measured in degrees and measures the degrees move from the starting point.

Question 21

Angle of release:

Answer 21

optimal degrees is 45
throwing for distance
requires vertical and horizontal force

Question 22

Speed of release:

Answer 22

Will affect horizontal and vertical distance of the projectile

Question 23

Height of release:

Answer 23

When the height of release is zero, the projection height = the landing height and the optimal angle of release is 45°.
When the height of release is less than the landing height, of more releases greater than 45°.
When the height of release is greater than the landing height, of more release is less than 45°.

Question 24

Equilibrium

Answer 24

when forces cancel each other out and everything is stable

Question 25

Static:

Answer 25

A body that is not moving or rotating

Question 26

Dynamic:

Answer 26

. A body that is moving with a constant velocity and

. There is no change in directional speed

Question 27

Factors affecting stability:

Answer 27

Base of support
centre of gravity
body mass
friction between body and the surface or surface contact

Question 28

Centre/line of gravity

Answer 28

When the line of gravity acts through the centre of the base of support stability is increased

Question 29

Levers:

Answer 29

Enabling the athlete to apply speed or overcome a resistance

Question 30

First class lever:

Answer 30

(FAR)
Used to generate speed or force.
The closer the access is to the force, the greater the angular velocity

Question 31

Second class lever:

Answer 31

(FRA)
Used to increase the strength that humans can apply to objects.
The force arm is longer than the resistance.

Question 32

Third class lever:

Answer 32

(AFR)
The most common lever in the body. The force is between the axis and resistance. These leavers generate the most amount of speed if force is developed.

Question 33

Mechanical advantage:

Answer 33

Force arm/ resistance arm
first class: greater/less than 1
second class: greater than 1
third class: less than 1