Chapters 3-5 Flashcards
What is biomechanics:
Is the sport science field that applies the laws of mechanics and physics to human performance.
Biomechanics purpose:
To optimise performance by development of techniques.
Technique to reduce and prevent over use or chronic injury.
Modify or develop equipment to widen participation
Transfer skills from practice to games
Types of data:
Quantitative which is numerical data
Qualitative which is a description of the quality of performance
Newtons first law:
Inertia
A body will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
The heavier and object, the greater it’s inertia.
Newton second law:
Acceleration/ Momentum A force applied to an object will produce a change in motion in the direction of the applied force that is directly proportional to the size of the force. more force= more acceleration more mass= slower acceleration Force= mass x Acceleration
Newtons third law:
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
Angular motion:
Occurs when an athlete rotates around an axis. This access may be a fixed point or the centre of gravity.
The amount of angular motion possessed by a body is known as angular momentum. It is the product of moment of inertia and the angular velocity of the object rotating around the axis.
. Angular momentum stays the same
. If velocity is low, then moment of inertia is high
Types of technologies to analyse movement:
Goniometry: used to measure joint angle
Accelerometers: measures acceleration
Electromyography: used to record electrical activity within a muscle prior to contraction
Friction:
Two surfaces in contact with each other.
Friction opposes motion of an object.
Impulse:
The application of force over a period of time which changes the velocity of a body or object.
Momentum:
The motion possessed by a moving body.
Summation of momentum:
Generating force from as many body parts as possible sequentially passing off momentum from larger to smaller muscle groups to generate the maximal velocity.
Torque:
Angular motion caused by an eccentric force.
This force does not go through the object centre of gravity
. Can cause an object to rotate causing angular acceleration
Speed:
The time taken to cover a distance.
Distance/time= speed m/s
Velocity:
The rate of change from point A to B.
- Speed
- Direction
Displacement/Time= Velocity m/s
Angular Velocity:
How quickly and object has moved from its starting point in the direction that has moved.
Linear acceleration:
How quickly and object changes its rate of motion.
Change in velocity/Time= m/s2
Angular Acceleration:
The measure of the rate of change of angular position can be
positive (speeding up) or negative (slowing down)
Angular Distance:
A measure of the degrees an object goes around its axis
Angular displacement
Is measured in degrees and measures the degrees move from the starting point.
Angle of release:
optimal degrees is 45
throwing for distance
requires vertical and horizontal force
Speed of release:
Will affect horizontal and vertical distance of the projectile
Height of release:
When the height of release is zero, the projection height = the landing height and the optimal angle of release is 45°.
When the height of release is less than the landing height, of more releases greater than 45°.
When the height of release is greater than the landing height, of more release is less than 45°.
Equilibrium
when forces cancel each other out and everything is stable
