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Disease Processes > Chapters 3 & 4 > Flashcards

Chapters 3 & 4 Flashcards

Quiz 2

1
Q

Infectious Disease

A

Diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.

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2
Q

Pathogen

A

A disease-causing microorganism that grows in or on the body, damaging tissue, inducing inflammation, and triggering familiar signs and symptoms associated with particular infections.

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3
Q

Contagious/Communicable

A

Infectious disease transmitted from human to human.

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4
Q

Epidemiology

A

The study of transmission, occurrence, distribution, and control of disease.

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5
Q

Incidence

A

The number of new cases of a disease in a population.

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6
Q

Prevalence

A

The number of existing cases of a disease.

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7
Q

Endemic

A

A disease that always occurs at low levels in a population.

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8
Q

Epidemic

A

A disease that occurs at an unusually high number in a given population.

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9
Q

Pandemic

A

An epidemic that has spread to include several large areas worldwide.

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10
Q

Outbreak

A

When a disease suddenly occurs in unexpected numbers in a limited area and then subsides.

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11
Q

Notifiable Disease

A

Diseases under surveillance that must be reported by physicians to the CDC.

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12
Q

Reservoir

A

The source of an infectious disease.

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13
Q

Horizontal Transmission

A

Transmission of an infectious disease from a reservoir to a susceptible human.

-Can be direct or indirect.

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14
Q

Fomites

A

Contaminated inanimate objects.

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15
Q

Vertical Transmission

A

Route by which infectious disease is transmitted from one generation to the next.

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16
Q

Parenteral

A

Delivery of disease through routes other than the mouth or rectum.

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17
Q

Nosocomial

A

Hospital-acquired infection route.

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18
Q

Normal Flora/Microbiota

A

Microorganisms commonly existing on or within the human body.

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19
Q

Isolation

A

Controlling the spread of disease by keeping an infectious person away from the healthy population.

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20
Q

Quarantine

A

The separation of persons who may or may not be infected from the healthy population until the period of infectious risk has passed.

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21
Q

Disinfection

A

Reducing the risk of infection or contamination.

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22
Q

Capsid

A

A protein shell around a viral microorganism.

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23
Q

Latent Infection

A

Condition caused when viruses insert themselves in cells and do not reproduce.

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24
Q

Cell Wall

A

A rigid layer of organic material surrounding the delicate membrane of a bacteria.

25
Q

Cocci

A

Spherical(round)-shaped bacteria.

26
Q

Bacilli

A

Rod-shaped bacteria.

27
Q

Spirilla

A

Spiral-shaped bacteria.

28
Q

Spirochetes

A

Corkscrew-shaped bacteria.

29
Q

Vibrios

A

Comma-shaped bacteria.

30
Q

Gram Stain

A

Staining technique that permits the identification of a bacteria.

31
Q

Endotoxin

A

Potent toxin from certain bacteria that causes life-threatening shock.

32
Q

Amoeboid

A

Protozoa that moves via pseudopodia.

33
Q

Flagellate

A

Protozoa that move via whip-like flagella.

34
Q

Ciliate

A

Protozoa that move using hairlike cilia.

35
Q

Sporozoan

A

Protozoa that are immobile.

36
Q

Pseudopodia

A

Cell membrane extensions used for locomotion of phagocytosis.

37
Q

Cilia

A

Short, hairlike projections used for movement.

38
Q

Chitin

A

Polysaccharide in the cell walls of some fungi.

39
Q

Mycelia

A

Filaments in fungi specialized for absorption of nutrients.

40
Q

Spores

A

Microscopic fungal reproductive structures that can induce allergies.

41
Q

Mycoses

A

Fungal infections.

42
Q

Infestation

A

Infections involving wormlike parasites known as helminths.

43
Q

Ascaris

A

Large roundworm intestinal parasite.

44
Q

Hookworms

A

Intestinal parasitic roundworm.

45
Q

Prion

A

An infectious microorganism comprised solely of protein.

46
Q

Antibiotics

A

Drugs used to treat bacterial infections.

47
Q

Antibiotic Resistance

A

Drug resistance that allows bacteria to adapt and thrive despite the medicine.

48
Q

Nucleic Acid Analogues

A

Antiviral medications that mimic DNA/RNA bases but have no functions of the virus, causing incorrect replication.

49
Q

Emerging Infectious Diseases

A

New infection or an uncommon infection that is increasing in incidence.

50
Q

Re-emerging Infectious Diseases

A

Diseases increasing in prevalence after being uncommon.

51
Q

Metastasize

A

Spread of cancer throughout the body

52
Q

Tumor/Neoplasm

A

Abnormal growth of tissue that is a result of uncontrolled cell growth.

53
Q

Benign

A

Noncancerous neoplasm/tumor.

54
Q

Malignant

A

A growth that spreads to invade surrounding tissue and may metastasize to other parts of the body.

55
Q

Polyp

A

A benign tumor that projects from an epithelial surface.

56
Q

Carcinoma

A

Type of cancer affecting epithelial tissues, skin, and mucous membranes lining body cavities, or glandular tissue such as breast, liver, or pancreas.

57
Q

Sarcoma

A

Type of cancer affecting the supportive tissues such as muscle, bone, or cartilage.

58
Q

Carcinogens

A

Cancer-causing agents or substances.

Disease Processes (3 decks)

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