Chapters 3 & 4

Question 1

Infectious Disease

Answer 1

Diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.

Question 2

Pathogen

Answer 2

A disease-causing microorganism that grows in or on the body, damaging tissue, inducing inflammation, and triggering familiar signs and symptoms associated with particular infections.

Question 3

Contagious/Communicable

Answer 3

Infectious disease transmitted from human to human.

Question 4

Epidemiology

Answer 4

The study of transmission, occurrence, distribution, and control of disease.

Question 5

Incidence

Answer 5

The number of new cases of a disease in a population.

Question 6

Prevalence

Answer 6

The number of existing cases of a disease.

Question 7

Endemic

Answer 7

A disease that always occurs at low levels in a population.

Question 8

Epidemic

Answer 8

A disease that occurs at an unusually high number in a given population.

Question 9

Pandemic

Answer 9

An epidemic that has spread to include several large areas worldwide.

Question 10

Outbreak

Answer 10

When a disease suddenly occurs in unexpected numbers in a limited area and then subsides.

Question 11

Notifiable Disease

Answer 11

Diseases under surveillance that must be reported by physicians to the CDC.

Question 12

Reservoir

Answer 12

The source of an infectious disease.

Question 13

Horizontal Transmission

Answer 13

Transmission of an infectious disease from a reservoir to a susceptible human.

-Can be direct or indirect.

Question 14

Fomites

Answer 14

Contaminated inanimate objects.

Question 15

Vertical Transmission

Answer 15

Route by which infectious disease is transmitted from one generation to the next.

Question 16

Parenteral

Answer 16

Delivery of disease through routes other than the mouth or rectum.

Question 17

Nosocomial

Answer 17

Hospital-acquired infection route.

Question 18

Normal Flora/Microbiota

Answer 18

Microorganisms commonly existing on or within the human body.

Question 19

Isolation

Answer 19

Controlling the spread of disease by keeping an infectious person away from the healthy population.

Question 20

Quarantine

Answer 20

The separation of persons who may or may not be infected from the healthy population until the period of infectious risk has passed.

Question 21

Disinfection

Answer 21

Reducing the risk of infection or contamination.

Question 22

Capsid

Answer 22

A protein shell around a viral microorganism.

Question 23

Latent Infection

Answer 23

Condition caused when viruses insert themselves in cells and do not reproduce.

Question 24

Cell Wall

Answer 24

A rigid layer of organic material surrounding the delicate membrane of a bacteria.

Question 25

Cocci

Answer 25

Spherical(round)-shaped bacteria.

Question 26

Bacilli

Answer 26

Rod-shaped bacteria.

Question 27

Spirilla

Answer 27

Spiral-shaped bacteria.

Question 28

Spirochetes

Answer 28

Corkscrew-shaped bacteria.

Question 29

Vibrios

Answer 29

Comma-shaped bacteria.

Question 30

Gram Stain

Answer 30

Staining technique that permits the identification of a bacteria.

Question 31

Endotoxin

Answer 31

Potent toxin from certain bacteria that causes life-threatening shock.

Question 32

Amoeboid

Answer 32

Protozoa that moves via pseudopodia.

Question 33

Flagellate

Answer 33

Protozoa that move via whip-like flagella.

Question 34

Ciliate

Answer 34

Protozoa that move using hairlike cilia.

Question 35

Sporozoan

Answer 35

Protozoa that are immobile.

Question 36

Pseudopodia

Answer 36

Cell membrane extensions used for locomotion of phagocytosis.

Question 37

Cilia

Answer 37

Short, hairlike projections used for movement.

Question 38

Chitin

Answer 38

Polysaccharide in the cell walls of some fungi.

Question 39

Mycelia

Answer 39

Filaments in fungi specialized for absorption of nutrients.

Question 40

Spores

Answer 40

Microscopic fungal reproductive structures that can induce allergies.

Question 41

Mycoses

Answer 41

Fungal infections.

Question 42

Infestation

Answer 42

Infections involving wormlike parasites known as helminths.

Question 43

Ascaris

Answer 43

Large roundworm intestinal parasite.

Question 44

Hookworms

Answer 44

Intestinal parasitic roundworm.

Question 45

Prion

Answer 45

An infectious microorganism comprised solely of protein.

Question 46

Antibiotics

Answer 46

Drugs used to treat bacterial infections.

Question 47

Antibiotic Resistance

Answer 47

Drug resistance that allows bacteria to adapt and thrive despite the medicine.

Question 48

Nucleic Acid Analogues

Answer 48

Antiviral medications that mimic DNA/RNA bases but have no functions of the virus, causing incorrect replication.

Question 49

Emerging Infectious Diseases

Answer 49

New infection or an uncommon infection that is increasing in incidence.

Question 50

Re-emerging Infectious Diseases

Answer 50

Diseases increasing in prevalence after being uncommon.

Question 51

Metastasize

Answer 51

Spread of cancer throughout the body

Question 52

Tumor/Neoplasm

Answer 52

Abnormal growth of tissue that is a result of uncontrolled cell growth.

Question 53

Benign

Answer 53

Noncancerous neoplasm/tumor.

Question 54

Malignant

Answer 54

A growth that spreads to invade surrounding tissue and may metastasize to other parts of the body.

Question 55

Polyp

Answer 55

A benign tumor that projects from an epithelial surface.

Question 56

Carcinoma

Answer 56

Type of cancer affecting epithelial tissues, skin, and mucous membranes lining body cavities, or glandular tissue such as breast, liver, or pancreas.

Question 57

Sarcoma

Answer 57

Type of cancer affecting the supportive tissues such as muscle, bone, or cartilage.

Question 58

Carcinogens

Answer 58

Cancer-causing agents or substances.