Chapters 3,4,5,6,7 Flashcards
As the vocal tract moves from its position for the consonant to a following vowel, there are very brief influences on the formants at the beginning of the vowel. The change of frequency is called:
formant transition
A temporal overlap of articulatory movements for different phoneme is called:
co-articulation
A unit of speech consisting of a single vowel or a vowel and one or more consonants
syllable
People with dysarthria have particular difficulty in producing
all of the above
_________is the strong burst of air that accompanies either the release or the closure of some obstruents.
aspiration
Which muscle is primarily responsible for closing the velophayngeal port?
levator palatini
Which of the sound is made by sudden release of air impounded behind an occlusion in the vocal tract?
/p/
For the production of nasal consonants to occur…
the velum must be low
the resonant consonants include
liquids, glides, and nasals
Which sound(s) is produced by forcing the air stream through a narrow articulatory constriction?
/f/ /s/
In speech we speak during stage of forced exhalation lung volume
false
A change in the articulation of a speech sound that makes it more similar to the articulation of a neighboring sound
assimilation
3 kinds of air pressure during speech production
- intraoral pressure/ supra-glottal
- subglottal air pressure
- intra-pleural pressure
a mode of initiate voicing in which the vocal folds are tightly adducted at onset
glottal attack
the most important/essential articulator in the mouth is
the tongue
a graph displays 3 dimension of Hz and time as well as intensity
sound spectrogram
a graph displays dB vs time on a horizontal line
waveform
the vocal tract produces ____ and the vocal cord generates ____
format frequency; fundamental frequency
frequency and intensity are physical characteristics of sound. Their respective psychological correlates are
pitch and loudness
vocal fold vibrations emit both fundamental frequency and _____ frequencies
harmonic
according to myoelastic aerodynamic theory of phonation, fundamental frequency is determined by
elasticity, tension, and mass of the vocal folds
the length of the average adult male vocal tract is 13 cm
false
frontal and parietal lobes are separated by the fissures of sylvius
false; fissure of rolando
neural stimulation of a muscle fiber produces an electrical charge of an
action potential
areas for higher cognitive function and language
cerebral hemisphere
neurons that carry impulses from the central nervous system to the periphery of the body
motor/efferent
neurons that carry impulses from the periphery sense organs of the body to the central nervous system
sensory/afferent
neural impulses are conducted away from the cell body
axon
Neural impulses are conducted towards the cell body
dendrites
During inspiration, the lungs expand, causing the air to flow from the mouth to the lungs with the glottis relatively open
During expiration, the lungs decrease the size, pushing the air from the lungs toward the mouth.
For most languages phonation (the production of sounds) occurs during expiration.
All true
3 major cartilages of the larynx:
Thyroid cartilage: encloses the larynx anteriorly
Cricoid cartilage: top ring of trachea; supports arytenoids
Arytenoid cartilages: paired pyramidal structures; vocal processes run forward to attach to vocal folds
rotates arytenoids and separates vocal folds and abducts
posterior cricoarytenoid muscles
the vowel ___ is characterized by a relatively high first formant frequency
/a/
the vowel ___ is characterized by a relatively high second formant frequency
/i/
the larger a vocal tract is, the ___ the resonant frequencies
lower
the intrinsic tongue muscle that raises the tongue tip
superior longitudinal
muscle encircles the lips /p/ /w/ /m/ /b/
orbicularis oris
closes velopharyngeal port
levator palatini
during speech production, inhalation time usually exceeds exhalation time
false
boyles law
volume increases(inhale) while pressure decreases or volume decreases(exhale) while pressure increases
extrinsic muscle of the tongue
genioglossus
styloglossus
hyoglossus
palataoglossus
free flowing of air with limited obstruction; mouth only
vowels
many points of obstruction before sound is formed with an exception of the semi-vowels; mouth and nose
Consonants
the functions overlaid on the segments of speech including stress junction and intonation
suprasegmentals
