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College US History > Chapters 25-27 > Flashcards

Chapters 25-27 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was part of the Triple Alliance?

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.

And kinda Italy.

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2
Q

What was the last straw for the start of WWI?

A

June 28, 1914

Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophia go to Sarajevo and are assassinated.

Austria demands Serbian surrender but Serbia refuses. Austria declares war. Russia goes to Serbia’s aid. Germany advances on France through Belgium. And England declares war on Germany.

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3
Q

How did the United States enter the war?

A

They were trying to stay neutral but then a German U-Boat sunk the Lusitania, causing 128 American deaths. Germany promises to tone down their submarine warfare but they don’t.
In March 1916, the merchant ship Sussex is sunk. Germany makes a pledge known as the Sussex pledge in May saying that they will stop sinking ships if England stops stopping ships.

Then in February 1917, President Wilson is shown the Zimmerman Note. ___________________________________

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4
Q

What was the basic cause the United States’ entering the war?

A

Germany’s decision to sink neutral ships and belligerent vessels.

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5
Q

Who was part of the Triple Entente?

A

France, England, and Russia.

Kinda Italy

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6
Q

What are the aging empires and who ruled them?

A

Russia-Romanovs
Ottomans-Turks
Austria-Hungary - Hapsburgs

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7
Q

Colonization in Africa

A

Led to nationalism in Europe
Imperialism
Europe exploited African countries

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8
Q

Deaths in the wars:

¡Muy importante!

A

WWI—11 battle deaths per 1000
WWII—18 battle deaths per 1000
Vietnam— 5.4 battle deaths per 1000
Iraq—

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9
Q

Problems with mobilization for the USA: 2 things

A
  • how to convert the economy.

* how to get men trained and transported while still supplying their allies.

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10
Q

Selective Service Act

A

April 1917
3million men in the armed forces.
Age changed from 21-30 to 18-45

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11
Q

What was done in order to help finance the war?

A 
Income tax
Excess profit tax
Inheritance tax
Liberty bonds
           •$17 Billion with 3.5-4.5% interest
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12
Q

Major battles:

A

Marne-Champagne
St. Mihiel
Meuse-Argonne

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13
Q

Total casualties of the war:

A 
US: 116 K dead, 204 K wounded
Russia: 9.2 M casualties
Germany: 7.1 M casualties
France: 6.2 M casualties
Austria-Hungary: 7 M casualties
England: 3.2 M casualties
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14
Q

German Armistice:

A

November 11, 1918-11:00

The eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month.

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15
Q

Treaty of Versailles 1919

A
  • Wilson didn’t invite and democrats to his conference in Paris
  • Terms for Germany:
    • assume all responsibility for the war
    • agree to pay reparations to all allies
    • surrender all arms and reduce military down to 100 K
    • they lost 1 M square miles in colonial area: 50 K European territory including the Polish corridor (Rhineland).
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16
Q

Irreconcilables

A

There were 18 in Senate that opposed to the treaty in any form.
There was racism in the Senate
William Bora was the leader-supported American intervention abroad, but only on his terms.

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17
Q

Reservationists

A

Henry Cabot Lodge was the leader
Nationalistic
opposed isolationism and Utopian-ism
they wanted the balance of power

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18
Q

What was America like after the war?

A

Business was more efficient
Higher standards of living for everyone except farmers
Farm production increased
Great Migration: large numbers of people moved from rural areas to the cities
There was a growing intolerance for foreigners including Jews, Catholics, and Blacks.

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19
Q

Big Boom for Business Expansion: 4 things

A
  • Plane Industry
  • Chemical Industry
  • Car Industry
  • a) Sale of war bonds
    b) Excess Profit Tax
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20
Q

Reasons for the Stock Market Crash:

A
  • over speculation
  • decline in foreign trade
  • war debts
  • high tariffs
  • purchasing power of the dollar fades
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21
Q

Who were the brain trusts?

A

they were brilliant people who were put onto FDR’s cabinet such as Raymond Moley, Henry Wallace, Henry Ikes, Francis Perkins, Cordell Hull.

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22
Q

PWA

A

Public Works Administration:
part of the 1st New Deal
give government contracts to private companies for public work projects.
Harold Ickes

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23
Q

CCC

A

Civilian Conservation Corps

  • for unemployed young men ages 18-25
  • put to work on conservation or reforestation projects in the country
  • they had to send a portion of their earnings back to their family
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24
Q

TVA

A 
Tennessee Valley Authority
one of the showpieces of the New Deal
*the building and operation of dams in 7 states
*which stopped flooding,
*created electricity,
*created recreation,
*and created jobs.
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25
Q

WPA

A

Works Project Act:

  • writers and artists
  • sent writers to countries to write historical record.
  • musical talents, operas, symphonies, etc.
  • unemployed artists are just as important as unemployed laborers.
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26
Q

AAA

A

Agriculture Adjustment Act
Farmers were paid to plant fewer crops.
Shot down earlier because it was thought to be unconstitutional.

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27
Q

RA

A

Resettlement Administration
Aimed at tenant farmers
Loan money to the tenant farmers or move to more productive farm.
Resettlement didn’t work.

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28
Q

Aid to business and labor:

A

NIRA:
National Industry Recovery Act
Set up code system for production and labor policies for similar industries.
Administrated by NRA (National Recovery Administration)

Codes:

1) production and price agreement
2) minimum wage and maximum hours for laborers
3) the right of labor to collective bargaining with management. (Wagner Act)

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29
Q

Aid to homeowners

A

HOLC
Home Owners Loan Corporation
Designed to give loans to pay loans to home owners.

FHA
Federal Housing Administration
Advance loans for the construction if of new homes or improve old ones.

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30
Q

American Liberty League

A

Agitators to the New Deal and FDR
Nationwide business group opposed to the New Deal
To force FDR’s hand.

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31
Q

Francis Townsend

A

Advocated $200/month pension for any person who was 60+ yo.

Catch:
They had to spend it within a month in order to keep the money in circulation.

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32
Q

Father Coughlin (cawglin)

A

Used the radio to be a thorn in Roosevelt’s side.
Wanted inflation and socialism.
Very popular

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33
Q

Hughey Long

A

Senator from Louisiana
Believed in “share the wealth”
Tax the rich 70-80% and give it to the poor.
Killed by his brother in law.

34
Q

What were FDRs 3 objectives with the 2nd New Deal?

A

1) win popular support away from extremists.
2) put nation back in course for prosperity.
3) start building for the 1936 election.

35
Q

Why was the 2nd New Deal made?

A

In response to all of the agitators trying to get rid of FDR.

36
Q

Who made the social security act?

A

FDR

37
Q

When was the social security act made?

A

1935

38
Q

What did the social security act do?

A 
It was an old age pension
Medical and welfare service for mothers, kids, and the aged. 
Unemployment compensation
     Tax on workers salaries 
     FICA tax
39
Q

Why was the social security act made?

A

It was in response to the $200/month plan that was proposed by Francis Townsend.

40
Q

Revenue Act

A

Aimed at equalizing the wealth of the country.

Raised taxes on high incomes and big corporations.

41
Q

3 reasons for recession

A

Federal deficit was too big–cut back on government spending.

Unemployment rate was 20% due to huge population growth.

Very high taxes

42
Q

Emergency banking act

A

Stabilized the private banking system

43
Q

Agricultural adjustment act

A

Established a farm recovery program based on production controls and price supports.

44
Q

Emergency Farm Mortgage Act

A

Provided Goethe refinancing of farm mortgages.

45
Q

National Industrial Recovery Act

A

Established a national recovery program and authorized a public works program.

46
Q

Federal Emergency Relief Act

A

Established a national system of relief.

47
Q

Home Owners Loan Act

A

Protected home owners from mortgage foreclosure by refinancing home loans.

48
Q

Glass-Steagall Act

A

Separated commercial and investment banking and guaranteed bank deposits.

49
Q

Tennessee Valley Authority Act

A

Established the TVA and provided for the planned development of the Tennessee River Valley

50
Q

Civilian Conservation Corps Act

A

Established the CCC to provide work relief on reforestation and conservation projects.

51
Q

Farm Credit Act

A

Expanded agricultural credits and established the Farm Credit Administration.

52
Q

Securities Act

A

Required full disclosure from stock exchanges.

53
Q

Wagner-Peyser Act

A

Created a US Employment Service and encouraged states to create local public employment offices

54
Q

War Industries Board

A

Re-organized industry to maximize wartime production

55
Q

Railway Administration

A

Modernized and operated the nation’s railroads

56
Q

Food Administration

A

Increased agricultural production, supervised food distribution and farm labor.

57
Q

National War Labor Board

A

Resolved labor-management disputes, improved labor conditions, and recognized union rights as means to promote production and efficiency

58
Q

Committee on Public Information

A

Managed propaganda to build public support for the war effort

59
Q

Chronology: 1914

A

World War I begins in Europe.

President Woodrow Wilson declares US neutrality.

60
Q

Chronology: 1915

A

Germany begins submarine warfare.
Lusitania is sunk.
Woman’s Peace Party is organized.
KKK is founded anew.

61
Q

Chronology: 1916

A

Gore-McLemore resolutions are defeated.
Sussex pledge is issued.
Preparedness legislation is enacted.
Woodrow Wilson is reelected president.

62
Q

Chronology: 1917

A

Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare.
The United States declares war on Germany.
Selective service act establishes the military draft.
Espionage act was passed.
Committee on public information, war industries Board, food administration, and other mobilization agencies are established.
American expeditionary force arrives in France.
East St. Louis race riot erupts. Bolshevik Revolution occurs in Russia.

63
Q

Chronology: 1918

A 
Wilson announces his fourteen points. 
Sedition act is passed. 
Eugene Debs is imprisoned. 
The United States intervenes militarily in Russia. 
Armistice ends WWI.
64
Q

Chronology: 1919

A 
Volstead Act is passed. 
Paris peace conference is held. 
Steel, coal, and other strikes occur. 
Red scare breaks out. 
Prohibition amendment is adopted. 
Wilson suffers a massive stroke.
65
Q

Chronology: 1920

A

Palmer raids round up radicals.
League of Nations is defeated in the US Senate.
Woman suffrage amendment is ratified.
US troops are withdrawn from Russia.
Warren G Harding is elected president.
Urban population exceeds rural population for the first time.
Prohibition takes effect.
First commercial radio show is broadcast.
Sinclair Lewis publishes Main Street.

66
Q

Chronology: 1921

A

United States signs a separate peace treaty with Germany.
Sheppard-Towner Maternity and Infancy Act is passed.
Washington Naval Conference limits naval armaments.

67
Q

Chronology: 1922

A

Fordney-McCumber Act raises tariff rates.
Sinclair Lewis publishes Babbitt.
Country Club Plaza in Kansas City opens.

68
Q

Chronology: 1923

A

Harding dies; Calvin Coolidge becomes president.

69
Q

Chronology: 1924

A

National Origins Act sharply curtails immigration.

Coolidge is elected president.

70
Q

Chronology: 1925

A

Scopes trial is held in Dayton, Tennessee.

F. Scott Fitzgerald publishes The Great Gatsby.

71
Q

Chronology: 1927

A

Charles A. Lindbergh flies solo across the Atlantic.

72
Q

Chronology: 1928

A

Kellogg-Briand Pact is signed.

Herbert Hoover is elected president.

73
Q

Chronology: 1929

A

Ernest Hemingway publishes A Farewell to Arms.

Stock market crashes.

74
Q

Chronology: 1932

A

Farmers’ Holiday Association organizes rural protests in the Midwest.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation is created to assist financial institutions.
Bonus army is routed in Washington DC.
Franklin D Roosevelt is elected president.

75
Q

Chronology: 1933

A

Emergency banking act is passed.
Agricultural adjustment administration is created to regulate farm production.
National recovery administration is created to promote industrial corporation and recovery.
Federal emergency relief act provides federal assistance to be unemployed.
Civilian conservation Corps is established to provide work relief in conservation projects.
Public Works administration is created to provide work relief on large public construction projects.
Civil Works administration provides emergency winter relief jobs.
Tennessee Valley Authority is created to coordinate regional development.

76
Q

Chronology: 1934

A

Securities and exchange commission is established.
Indian reorganization act reforms Indian policy.
Huey Long organizes the share-our-wealth society.
Democrats win midterm elections.

77
Q

Chronology: 1935

A

Supreme Court declares NRA unconstitutional.
National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) guarantees workers’ rights to organize and bargain collectively.
Social Security Act establishes a federal social insurance system.
Banking Act strengthens the Federal Reserve.
Revenue Act establishes a more progressive tax system.
Resettlement Administration is created to aid dispossessed farmers.
Rural electrification administration is created to help provide electric power to rural areas.
Soil conservation service is established.
Emergency relief appropriation act authorizes public relief projects for the unemployed.
Works progress administration is created.
Huey Long is assassinated.

78
Q

Chronology: 1936

A

Supreme Court declared AAA unconstitutional.
Roosevelt is reelected president.
Sit-down strikes begin.

79
Q

Chronology: 1937

A

Chicago police kill workers in Memorial Day massacre.
FDR tries but fails to expand the Supreme Court.
Farm security administration is created to lend money to small farmers to buy and rehabilitate farms.
National housing act is passed to promote public housing projects.
“Roosevelt recession”begins.

80
Q

Chronology: 1938

A

Congress of industrial organizations is founded.
Fair labor standards act establishes minimum wage and maximum hours rules for labor.
Roosevelt fails to “purge” the Democratic Party.
Republicans make gains in the midterm elections.

College US History (4 decks)

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