Chapter 23-24 Flashcards
what was the cause of imperialism?
trade and expansion of markets
What is Imperialism?
a larger nation controlling a smaller nation for economic, cultural, political, and military reasons.
Where were the boundary disputes in Latin America?
3 major areas:
Chile-Argentina
Mexico-Guatemala
Bolivia-Peru
What are the two incidents with Chile that almost meant war in 1891?
1) a ship owned by Chilean Revolutionaries arrives at San Diego to get ammunition. It was held in quarantine.
2) the US Navy is in Valparaiso. Showing force to the revolutionaries. US sailors go ashore and are faced by angry Chileans. There is a riot, there are more Chileans than Americans. 2 sailors are killed.
US government calls for a formal apology and financial settlement. Chile refuses and there is a war cry from yellow journalism against Chile. Chile doesn’t want war so they submit to the demands.
Treaty of Washington 1871
1) solved the Alabama claims
2) fishing off the Grand Banks- US taking too much fish.
because of this, in 1885, the US accuses Canada of killing off the seals. US fishermen start seizing Canadian boats.
3)boundary of Vancouver, British Colombia is settled by arbitration.
1893, arbitration is out, US loses arbitration, there are laws protecting seal herds.
Lure of Imperialism
1) money- business expansion: Hawaii sugar plantations, United Fruit Company (bananas)
2) Darwinian Theory of race superiority- survival of the fittest.-Japan, China, Latin America.-the lesser nations are the “White man’s burden”
3) Alfred Thayer Mahan- huge proponent of the Panama Canal
1) wanted a strong navy to protect the Panama Canal.
2) wanted a strong navy to protect trade routes.
3) future struggle between the East and the West.
4) get as many island nations as we could in the Pacific and Caribbean.
Wilson Gorman Tariff
1895
- nobody wanted to trade with the US because of the high tariff.
- Cuba had two major commodities: Sugar cane and Tobacco.
- stopped these exports from leaving Cuba to go to the US.
United States’ Perspective
1) they want Cuba
2) Cuba is strategically placed in the Caribbean for the building of the Panama Canal.
3) American Businessmen don’t want to lose sugar plantations in Cuba.
4) Cuban nationalists started to blow up American sugar plantations before the USS Maine incident.
2 major incidents in Cuba
1) Dupuy DeLome Letter: very critical of President McKinley, William Randalph Hurst puts it in his newspaper using yellow journalism and sensationalism.
2) Battleship Maine was sent to Cuba to protect American business interests. One night, it mysteriously blows up. McKinley requests war and Congress Declares war. Spain sits them down and talks about it.
Teller Amendment
idealistic war-wants European countries out of the West.
the US promises not to annex any country after the war.
didn’t annex Cuba but they set up a puppet government
Reasons for the United States’ intervention:
1) Imperialism
2) Yellow Journalism
3) contagious imperialism
4) humanitarianism
- there are good people out there: social workers
5) Monroe Doctrine
- foundation of American foreign Policy
Treaty of Paris 1898
US annexes Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
Cuba is a puppet.
Spanish-American War/ Imperialism Movement
US needs to be able to maintain armed forces.
US is becoming more hands on in foreign affairs
US is entering into foreign alliances
Hague Conference of 1899: US pushes for international arbitration court. Hague Court is established.
US responsibilities and 2 main areas of “concern”
- protect interest wherever imposed
- govern territories
Far East and Caribbean
Far East Issues: China
US has most favored nation status-they don’t have a part of China but still receives trade.
Sec. of State Hay proposes the Open Door Policy.
-Each nation cannot interfere with the trade system of other countries (in China).
Boxer Rebellion: The Boxers didn’t want any foreign embassies in China. they started to attack the foreign embassies. US, UK, ITA, RUS, JAP, and FRA, all send troops to get rid of the Boxers. 21,000 troops. Embassies are trashed. Other countries need some way of punishing China. Sec. of State Hay steps in and makes China pay $330,000,000 instead of eradicating them. US gave back the money once China payed if China promised to build an international University.
Far East Issues: Japan
-Japan and Russia are fighting over Manchuria. T. Roosevelt steps in and tries to fix it. He invites them to a yacht club meeting in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
Treaty of Portsmouth 1905: settled the Russo-Japanese War.
T.Roosevelt won a Pulitzer Peace Prize for his intervention.
-San Fran is discriminating against Japanese people. The school board gets rid of all Oriental people. TR is completely opposed to this.
Japanese-American’s Gentlemen’s Agreement:
-Japan promises to restrict immigration if the US stops discrimination.
-Root-Takahira 1908
respect possessions in the Pacific.
keep the status quo in the Pacific.
abide by the Open Door Policy in China.
Platt Amendment
1901
- Cuba can’t offer concession without US consent
- Cuba must accept intervention by the US if it is threatened by another country.
TR’s Canal Building Actions
1) the US and UK decide on a canal somewhere in South America. Passage has to be open to all. Hay-Pauncefote Treaty 1901
2) Hay-Harran Treaty: deals with Colombia. US offered a 99 year lease on a 10 mile wide zone in Panama $10M upfront and $250K a year. Colombia refused. TR sent a battleship down to Panama and created a coup. Panama revolted, Colombia saw the ship and quit.
3) Panama becomes a new country the same deal is offered to Panama, they accept. -Hay-Buneau-Varilla 1903
Roosevelt Corollary
1904
extension of the Monroe doctrine.
US has the right to use police force in the western hemisphere.
sent troops to quell affairs in DR, Haiti, etc.
Dollar Diplomacy
William Howard Taft in 1908
“Money instead of bullets”
created more enemies
parts of progressivism
- industrialization
- urbanization
- immigration
