Chapters 21, 22, 23 Flashcards
In the 180-degree system of joint measurement, what is the starting position for joint motion?
0 degree
Measuring joint ROM is contraindicated if __.
the client has an unhealed fracture
Which is true about normal joint ROM?
a.
It may not be affected by age.
b.
It may not be affected by gender.
c.
It may not be affected by occupation
d.
It may not be the same from individual to individual.
e.
It may not be determined
d.
It may not be the same from individual to individual.
When measuring passive ROM, the therapist should not __.
a.
watch for signs of pain or discomfort
b.
hold the part securely above and below the joint being measured
c.
gently move the joint through its ROM
d.
force the joint through its ROM
e.
ask the client to relax the part being measured
d.
force the joint through its ROM
When ROM is being measured, which is not a purpose of the therapist being in the proper position?
a.
Making the client more comfortable
b.
Ensuring accurate placement of the goniometer
c.
Protecting the therapist’s back
d.
Giving the patient more time to move
e.
Supporting the limb at the level of its center of gravity
d.
Giving the patient more time to move
Which of the following is not a purpose of joint ROM measurements?
a.
Determine the need for splints or assistive devices
b.
Determine joint limitations that interfere with function
c.
Determine how many pounds a client may lift
d.
Determine efficacy of intervention modalities
e.
Determine how far a client can reach overhead
c.
Determine how many pounds a client may lift
When the joint is moved solely by an outside force, it is called __.
passive ROM
When joint motion is limited by the length of a muscle that crosses two joints, it is called __.
passive insufficiency
When ROM of wrist extension is being measured, where is the movable bar of the goniometer placed?
Parallel to the metacarpal of the index finger
When ROM of cervical lateral flexion is being measured, the goniometer axis is placed over what area?
Spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra
What term is used for feeling the bony landmarks and soft tissues around the joint to be measured?
Palpation
What is the average normal joint ROM (using the 180-degree method) for shoulder flexion?
0 to 170 degrees
What is the average normal joint ROM (using the 180-degree method) for thumb metacarpophalangeal (MP) flexion?
0 to 50 degrees
When analyzing results from ROM assessment, the therapist’s first concern should be ROM that is __.
below functional limits
When ROM of forearm supination is being measured, where is the stationary bar of the goniometer placed?
Perpendicular to the floor
In what plane is the MMT for grades F- and higher performed?
Vertical plane
A part that moves through incomplete motion with gravity minimized would be graded __.
poor minus
Which of the following is the correct order of steps for MMT of muscles grades 3 and higher?
a.
Palpate, stabilize, position, resist, observe
b.
Position, stabilize, palpate, observe, resist
c.
Stabilize, position, palpate, observe, resist
d.
Position, palpate, stabilize, observe, resist
e.
Stabilize, position, observe, resist, palpate
b.
Position, stabilize, palpate, observe, resist
MMT would never be appropriate for a client with which of the following conditions?
a.
Peripheral nerve injury
b.
Spastic cerebral palsy
c.
Muscular dystrophy
d.
Spinal cord injury
e.
Multiple sclerosis
b.
Spastic cerebral palsy
Which of the following is not a criterion used to measure strength in MMT?
a.
Amount of motion through which the joint moves when the muscle contracts
b.
Evidence of muscle contraction
c.
Endurance of muscle
d.
Amount of resistance against which the muscle can contract
e.
Both A and C
c.
Endurance of muscle
During the MMT, when should resistance be applied?
At end of motion
If a muscle contraction can be seen or felt but no motion is observed, the grade is __.
1
Which of the following is not considered a screening test for muscle strength?
a.
Reviewing the medical record for previous strength assessments
b.
Observing the client perform a functional activity
c.
Observing the client move around the clinic
d.
Performing a manual muscle test (MMT)
e.
Performing a gross check of muscle group
d.
Performing a manual muscle test (MMT)
Which of the following does not belong with the others?
a.
Good
b.
Normal
c.
4
d.
Moderate resistance
e.
Both B and D
b.
Normal
Which of the following is not a contraindication for MMT?
a.
Joint hypermobility
b.
Joint dislocation
c.
Unhealed fracture
d.
Bone carcinoma
e.
Recent musculoskeletal surgery
a.
Joint hypermobility
What is the best way to eliminate substitutions during MMT?
To palpate contractile tissues
Which of the following statements is true about a muscle with a number grade of 3+?
a.
Part moves through less than 50% of available ROM.
b.
Part can move against gravity.
c.
Part cannot take resistance.
d.
Part can take maximal resistance.
e.
Part can take moderate resistance.
b.
Part can move against gravity.
The amount of resistance applied to a muscle should not depend on which of the following?
a.
The cross-sectional size of the muscle
b.
The age of the client
c.
The relative power of the muscle
d.
The gender of the client
e.
The strength of the therapist
e.
The strength of the therapist
MMT accuracy can be negatively influenced by which of the following?
a.
Placing the client on a comfortable soft surface
b.
Repeating the test several times on the body part
c.
Positioning the body part correctly
d.
Palpating muscles before applying resistance
e.
Both A and B
e.
Both A and B
Which of the following is true about MMT?
a.
It can measure muscle endurance.
b.
It cannot help determine if a nerve injury is partial or complete.
c.
It can measure muscle coordination.
d.
It cannot be used to identify muscle imbalance.
e.
It can help determine the level of spinal cord injury.
e.
It can help determine the level of spinal cord injury.
When tapping elicits paresthesia, __.
it is referred to as a Tinel’s sign
Difficulty of graded discrimination is increased by __.
occluding vision
Localization of moving touch tends to return before localization of __.
constant touch
Levels of difficulty in graded discriminative sensory reeducation are represented by all but which choice?
a.
Identifying whether the objects are the same or different
b.
Identifying whether the objects are hot or cold
c.
Explaining how the objects are the same or different
d.
Identification of the material or object
b.
Identifying whether the objects are hot or cold
Which of these is not a sensory threshold test?
a.
Moving two-point discrimination
b.
Touch-pressure
c.
Temperature awareness
d.
Pinprick
a.
Moving two-point discrimination
Superficial fine touch receptors include which of the following?
a.
Pacinian corpuscles
b.
Ruffini’s corpuscles
c.
Meissner’s corpuscles
d.
Golgi tendon organs
c.
Meissner’s corpuscles
Sensory reeducation includes all but which of the following?
a.
Contralateral upper extremity constraint
b.
Stimulating localization
c.
Tasks of recognition
d.
Tasks of graded stimulus
a.
Contralateral upper extremity constraint
Nociceptors __.
are a subset of receptors that sense pain when stimulated
What does sensory reeducation require?
10- to 15-minute sessions
Normal static two-point discrimination is __.
<6 mm
Semmes-Weinstein Monofilaments are used to test __.
pressure threshold
Signs of sympathetic nervous system responses include all but one of these signs. Which one is it?
a.
Skin temperature
b.
Skin color
c. Sudomotor function (abnormal sweating)
d.
Goose bumps
d.
Goose bumps
Which statement is not true?
a.
Axons with larger diameters transmit information more quickly.
b.
Afferents are peripheral axons.
c.
Afferents are categorized by the diameter of the axon.
d.
Afferents with larger diameters transmit information more slowly
d.
Afferents with larger diameters transmit information more slowly
Which statement below is not true?
a.
Proprioception and pain are aspects of musculoskeletal sensation.
b.
Proprioception is the awareness of joint position.
c.
Proprioception encompasses joint position, muscle stretch, and deep vibration.
d.
Following cerebrovascular accident and with other neurological disorders, proprioception is usually intact.
d.
Following cerebrovascular accident and with other neurological disorders, proprioception is usually intact.
Clients are candidates for discriminative sensory training if they have protective sensation intact, with recognition of at least __.
4.31 on the Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments test
