Chapters 21 & 22 Flashcards
What is the geocentric view?
Earth-Centered
What is the heliocentric view?
Sun-Centered
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus, and what did he do?
- Mathmetition
- Came up with the heliocentric view.
Who is Johannes Kapler and what did he do?
- Mathmetition
- Confirmed heliocentric view
Who is Galileo Galile, and what did he do?
- Mathmetition
- Published Starry Messenger
- Observations with telescope
Who is Issac Newton, and what did he do?
- Mathmetition
- 3 Laws of Motion
- Created Calculus
Who is William Harvey, and what did he do?
- Human Anatomy
- Showed heart was the beginning of blood circulation
Who is Andreus Vesalius, and what did he do?
- Human Anatomy
- Described individual organs
Who is Antoine Lavioser, and what did he do?
- Chemist
- Invented periodic table
Who is Margaret Cavendish, and what did she do?
- Philosopher
- Believed humans were masters of nature
Who is Maria Winkleman, and what did she do?
- Astronomy
- Discovered a comet
Who is Rene Descartes and what did he/she do?
- Philosopher
- Combined philosophy & science
What is the Scientific Method?
Systematic procedure for analyzing reserch
What are the major ideas of Enlightenment? (8)
1) Reason
2) Deism
3) Social Contract
4) Reason
5) Woman’s Rights
6) Natural Law
7) Lassez-Faire
8) Separation of Power
What is separation of powers?
The different powers of the government limit and control each other in a system of checks and balances
What is Laissez-Faire?
Means “to let people do what they want”
What is Enlightened Absolutism?
System in which rulers tried to govern by enlightenment principles, while maintaining full power
Who was the 7 years war originally fought over?
Prussia vs. Austria
Why was the 7 years war fought?
Fought over Austria Silesia
Who first joins Prussia in the 7 years war?
France
Who first joins Austria in the 7 years war?
Great Britain
What treaty was made in 1748 during the 7 years war?
Aix-la-Chapelle
What 2 countries switch sides after the treaty?
France and Great Britian
What 3 countries did battles take place during the 7 years war?
1) Europe
2) India
3) North America
What treaty made in 1763 that granted all European lands back and force the French out of India?
Treaty of Paris
What was the major cause of the American revolution?
- Colonists unhappy with Britain
* High taxes because of 7 years war
What did the colonists set up because of their anger toward Britian?
Continental Congress
What was set up that the constitution would later replace?
Article of Confederation
Why did the Article of Confederation fail?
- Weak gov.
- Unable to deal with the nation’s problems
When is the constitution adopted?
1787
What is the Bill of Rights?
First 10 amendments of constitution
Who was in the 1st French Estate?
- Clergy
- Powerful & wealthy
Who was in the 2nd French Estate?
- Nobles
* High gov. positions
Who was in the 3rd French Estate?
-Very Poor
Who is Louis XVI?
- French King
- Marries Marie Antoinette (Austrian)
What is the meeting of the Estates General?
- Each estate meets and votes on issues
- 3rd estate always got voted out
What is the National Assembly?
- 3rd estate who disobeys Louis XVI
- Wants a Constitution
What is the declaration of Rights of Man?
- Freedom
- Gov.
- Role
- Equality
What year constitution sets up a limited monarchy with a legislative assembly?
1791
What changes took place during the reign of terror?
- De-Christianization
- Education
- Abolishment of slavery
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
- Overthrows the Directory
- Creates military dictatorship
- Military success
- Peace w/ Catholic Church
- Created Napoleonic code
- Shut down newspapers & banned books
What is the scorched earth policy?
Military strategy where armies burn villages and crops so the army coming through will not have any place to stay, and no food to eat
What is the Congress of Vienna?
- Redrew European territorial boundries
* Purpose to create balance of power
What is legitimacy?
-Restoring rightful royal families
