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Western Civilizations > Chapters 17&18 > Flashcards

Chapters 17&18 Flashcards

1
Q

unalterable privileges that ought not be with held from any person

A

natural rights

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2
Q

a monarchy that applied enlightened theories

A

enlightened absolutism

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3
Q

Who was Madame de pompadour

A

Louis the XV mistress

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4
Q

Why did England change it’s name to Britain

A

because it gained Scotland and Wales

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5
Q

Who was Robert Walpole

A

Prime Minister of Great Britain during the reign of George I

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6
Q

nobility/ landed aristocracy in Prussia

A

Junkers

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7
Q

How did Frederich the great embrace the Enlightenment

A

he wanted to make the reforms and be a servant to the people

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8
Q

Why did he continue to have serfdom

A

he needed it for the nobility

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9
Q

Who was Maria Theresa

A

the first female ruler of Austria

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10
Q

Why did Joseph the II reforms fail

A

because he couldn’t fight the nobility

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11
Q

How did Cathrine the Great gain control over Russia

A

her husband died

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12
Q

What were the limits to Cathrine’s Reforms

A

she couldn’t do much that the nobility didn’t support

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13
Q

Who was Emelyan Pugachev

A

leader of a revolt against Cathrine the great

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14
Q

Why did Poland need a strong monarchy

A

the country was so weak and controlled by the nobility

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15
Q

Who was the marquis of Pombal

A

the prime minister of Portugal

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16
Q

distribution of power among several different states

A

Balance of Power

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17
Q

How did the war of Austrian Succession affect America, and India

A

it lead to the french and Indian war

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18
Q

general that lead British troops in India

A

Robert Clive

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19
Q

favoritism/inheritance to the first son

A

Primogeniture

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20
Q

orphanages in this period

A

foundling institutions

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21
Q

Why did people marry at younger ages

A

money

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22
Q

What happened to smaller farmers

A

they were forced to become tenant farmers and work for the rich

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23
Q

What did Jethro Tull invent

A

the planter

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24
Q

textile industry where people worked from home

A

cottage industry

25
Q

What did Richard Arkwright invent

A

the water frame

26
Q

What are tithes and who received them

A

they were taxes to the church that were paid to the nobility

27
Q

homes of the aristocrats

A

country house

28
Q

when young men travel across Europe

A

grand tour

29
Q

How did the public opinion of the poor change

A

people no longer thought of them as unfortunate instead they figured that they were just lazy

30
Q

What did Immanuel Kent mean when he said Dare to know

A

don’t be afraid of intelligence

31
Q

What was the Enlightenment

A

people becoming more knowledgeable

32
Q

Why did Fontanelle attack Churches

A

because they thought of the Church as the Enemy

33
Q

How did they try to expand the works of Newton

A

they tried to apply them to the social sciences

34
Q

every one is born with a blank mind

A

tabula rosa

35
Q

What were social reformers called

A

philosophes

36
Q

How did philosophes avoid censorship

A

having books secretly published, publishing books abroad, publishing anonymously

37
Q

What types of government did Montesquieu support

A

republics, monarchies, and despotism

38
Q

What was the major cause of Voltaire

A

religious and speech tolerance

39
Q

How did Voltaire shape American govt

A

his ideas are incorporated into our govt

40
Q

god created the world and had no connection to it

A

deism

41
Q

What was the contrubution of Diderot

A

encyclopedia

42
Q

Who thought the only measure of wealth was land

A

Adam Smith

43
Q

leave business to do what business wants

A

laissez-faire

44
Q

Who wanted women to have the same rights as men

A

Mary Wollstonecraft

45
Q

style that emphasized grace and elegance

A

rococo

46
Q

to make well ordered music for god

A

Johann Sebastian Bach

47
Q

What was a new form of literature

A

novel

48
Q

Died in poverty due to mental illness

A

Mozart

49
Q

Difference between high and popular culture

A

high- rich popular- poor

50
Q

How was execution different between nobles and the poor

A

nobles -beheaded poor-tortured

51
Q

How was the role of the apothecaries different from what it is today

A

they could diagnose and treat

52
Q

What was the value of local taverns

A

they were gathering places

53
Q

how did literacy rates change

A

they increased dramatically

54
Q

What were the duties of the Churches beyond religion

A

education, social services

55
Q

What was the gap between the lower and high clergy

A

lower clergy were poor and the high clergy were rich

56
Q

Where were Ashkeazic Jews from

A

eastern Europe

57
Q

Where were Sephardic Jews From

A

Western Europe

58
Q

What Church did John Wesley Start

A

Methodist

Western Civilizations (6 decks)

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