Chapters 17&18 Flashcards
unalterable privileges that ought not be with held from any person
natural rights
a monarchy that applied enlightened theories
enlightened absolutism
Who was Madame de pompadour
Louis the XV mistress
Why did England change it’s name to Britain
because it gained Scotland and Wales
Who was Robert Walpole
Prime Minister of Great Britain during the reign of George I
nobility/ landed aristocracy in Prussia
Junkers
How did Frederich the great embrace the Enlightenment
he wanted to make the reforms and be a servant to the people
Why did he continue to have serfdom
he needed it for the nobility
Who was Maria Theresa
the first female ruler of Austria
Why did Joseph the II reforms fail
because he couldn’t fight the nobility
How did Cathrine the Great gain control over Russia
her husband died
What were the limits to Cathrine’s Reforms
she couldn’t do much that the nobility didn’t support
Who was Emelyan Pugachev
leader of a revolt against Cathrine the great
Why did Poland need a strong monarchy
the country was so weak and controlled by the nobility
Who was the marquis of Pombal
the prime minister of Portugal
distribution of power among several different states
Balance of Power
How did the war of Austrian Succession affect America, and India
it lead to the french and Indian war
general that lead British troops in India
Robert Clive
favoritism/inheritance to the first son
Primogeniture
orphanages in this period
foundling institutions
Why did people marry at younger ages
money
What happened to smaller farmers
they were forced to become tenant farmers and work for the rich
What did Jethro Tull invent
the planter
textile industry where people worked from home
cottage industry
What did Richard Arkwright invent
the water frame
What are tithes and who received them
they were taxes to the church that were paid to the nobility
homes of the aristocrats
country house
when young men travel across Europe
grand tour
How did the public opinion of the poor change
people no longer thought of them as unfortunate instead they figured that they were just lazy
What did Immanuel Kent mean when he said Dare to know
don’t be afraid of intelligence
What was the Enlightenment
people becoming more knowledgeable
Why did Fontanelle attack Churches
because they thought of the Church as the Enemy
How did they try to expand the works of Newton
they tried to apply them to the social sciences
every one is born with a blank mind
tabula rosa
What were social reformers called
philosophes
How did philosophes avoid censorship
having books secretly published, publishing books abroad, publishing anonymously
What types of government did Montesquieu support
republics, monarchies, and despotism
What was the major cause of Voltaire
religious and speech tolerance
How did Voltaire shape American govt
his ideas are incorporated into our govt
god created the world and had no connection to it
deism
What was the contrubution of Diderot
encyclopedia
Who thought the only measure of wealth was land
Adam Smith
leave business to do what business wants
laissez-faire
Who wanted women to have the same rights as men
Mary Wollstonecraft
style that emphasized grace and elegance
rococo
to make well ordered music for god
Johann Sebastian Bach
What was a new form of literature
novel
Died in poverty due to mental illness
Mozart
Difference between high and popular culture
high- rich popular- poor
How was execution different between nobles and the poor
nobles -beheaded poor-tortured
How was the role of the apothecaries different from what it is today
they could diagnose and treat
What was the value of local taverns
they were gathering places
how did literacy rates change
they increased dramatically
What were the duties of the Churches beyond religion
education, social services
What was the gap between the lower and high clergy
lower clergy were poor and the high clergy were rich
Where were Ashkeazic Jews from
eastern Europe
Where were Sephardic Jews From
Western Europe
What Church did John Wesley Start
Methodist
