Chapters 15, 16, And 17 Flashcards
Reagent strips, that when dipped in urine will detect pH level, glucose, ketones, blood, and specific gravity.
Dip sticks
Maintaining equal input and output
Fluid balance
A bedpan which is used when the resident cannot assist with raising their hips onto a regular bedpan
Fracture pan
Used when a resident can help by lifting utensils. It helps promote independence
Hand-over-hand approach
Hidden blood
Occult blood
Used for people who have trouble chewing and or swallowing more textured foods
Puréed diet
The opening in the abdomen in a resident with an ostomy
Stoma
A test in which all of a resident’s urine will be collected for 24 hours. When beginning a 24-hour specimen collection, the resident must void and discard the first urine so that the test begins with an empty bladder.
24-hour urine
Nothing by mouth
NPO
Know the facts about a well balanced diet
1) A well-balanced diet helps maintain muscle and skin tissues and prevent pressure sores.
2) A good diet promotes healing of wounds.
3) It also helps us cope with stress
How can the CNA position the resident to help prevent aspiration?
Have the resident sitting as upright as possible
Know the CNA’s role in tube feedings.
1) CNA’s are not responsible for inserting tubes, doing the feeding, or cleaning tubes.
2) You may be assigned to take the person’s temperature or assemble equipment and supplies and hand them to the nurse.
3) You may need to position the resident. You may also discard or clean and store equipment and supplies.
4) In addition you should observe, report, and document any observation of changes in the resident or problems with the feeding. Make sure the tubing is not coiled or kinked or resting underneath the resident.
Know foods that contain ———-
EX) yogurt and cheese
Calcium
Know foods that contain ———-
EX) Beef, Poultry, fish, eggs, peanut butter, beans, nuts, soy products, peas, or seeds
Protein
Know the facts about fats
1) Fats should be eaten in relatively small quantities.
2) Fats add flavor to food and are important in the absorption of certain vitamins.
3) Fat helps the body store energy.
4) Fat also provides insulation and protects the bodies organs
Know examples of ———.
EX) All foods made from wheat, rice, oats, corn, barley, and other grains. (Bread, pasta, oatmeal, breakfast cereals, tortillas, and grits.
Grains
What is the most essential nutrient for life
Water
What information can be found on a diet card?
The resident’s name and information about special diets, allergies, likes and dislikes, and other instructions.
Know the facts about food preferences
1) It is important to honor resident’s food preferences. Food preferences may change while a resident is living at a facility.
2) Do not make fun of personal preferences. If you notice that certain foods are not being eaten- not matter how small the amount, report it to the nurse.
How can the CNA help prevent dehydration?
1) Encourage residents to drink every time you see them. Also offer fresh water or other fresh fluids often.
2) Record fluid intake and output. Make sure pitcher and cup are near enough and light enough for the resident to lift
Know how to convert ounces to ml
Multiply ounces by 30.
1 oz = 30 ml or 30cc
2 oz = 60 ml
3 oz = 90 ml
What should be observed and reported about unintended weight loss?
1) Resident eats less than 70% of meals/snacks served.
2) Resident has mouth pain.
3) Resident’s dentures don’t fit
4) Resident has difficulty swallowing
5) Resident coughs or chokes while eating.
6) resident is sad, has crying spells, or withdraws from others
Know the facts about mealtime
1) Mealtime is not only the time for getting proper nourishment, but it is a time for socializing.
2) Honor likes and dislikes. Be cheerful, positive, and helpful. Promote independence
Know the facts about serving meal trays
1) Identify the resident and make sure that they are receiving the correct tray.
2) remove the food and drink if it is on a tray and set it on the table.
3) Cut food into small, bite-sized portions. To promote dignity, if you know the residents want their food cut, cut it before bringing it to the table.
4) Open milk or juice cartons. Place straws in container using the paper wrapper. Butter or season food as the resident likes.
Know the facts about clothing protectors
1) Resident’s have the right to refuse to wear a clothing protector.
2) Offer a clothing protector, but do not insist that a resident must wear one. Do not refer to the clothing protector as a ‘bib.’
Know the signs of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
1) Choking or coughing during meals. Watering eyes when eating or drinking.
2) Several swallow needed per mouthful. Frequent throat clearing during and after meals. Shorter more rapid breathing while eating or drinking.
What is the first thing to be restricted on a low-sodium diet?
Salt (NaCl)
What do some residents need thickened?
Liquids
Some residents have problems swallowing. Thickening improves the ability to control fluid in the mouth and throat.
What is the normal color of urine?
Pale yellow
How much urine does a normal adult produce per day?
1200-1500 ml
How many ounces of fluid is needed daily?
64-96 ml
Know the facts about incontinence
Incontinence is not a normal part of aging. Always report incontinence. It may be a sign or symptom of illness.
Know the facts about providing perineal care for a female resident
Wipe from front to back. Use a different area of the washcloth for each stroke.
What is the best position for a man to urinate
Standing
Know the CNA’s role in regards to catheters.
1) CNA’s never insert or remove catheters. You may be asked to provide daily care for the catheter, cleaning the area around the urethral opening and emptying the drainage bag. Observe and report regarding to the catheters to the nurse.
2) The drainage bag should be kept lower than the hips or bladder. If the urine flows backward it can cause infection.
3) The tubing should be kept as straight as possible and should not be kinked. If the resident is sitting on the tubing it can prevent urine from draining.
Know the facts about bladder retraining
1) Always be professional. Never show signs of anger or frustration toward residents who are incontinent.
2) Encourage plenty of fluids. Keep a record of the resident’s bladder habits. Also answer all call lights promptly.
3) Provide privacy, Do not rush the resident during voiding. Offer positive words for successes or for attempts to control the bladder. However, do not talk to the residents as if they are children.
What is the normal characteristics of stool
Brown and soft food high in fiber help improve bowel elimination
What are some signs of constipation
Abdominal swelling, gas, irritability, and record of no recent bowel movement.
Know some causes of diarrhea
Bacterial and viral infections, irritating foods and certain medications
What is the most common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
heartburn
What is the best position for bowel elimination?
Squatting and leaning forward
What position should the resident be placed for an enema administration?
Sim’s position (left side lying)
How far should the bottom of the enema bag be above the anus with a cleansing enema
twelve inches. During enema administration, if the resident experiences pain, stop and tell the nurse immediately.
What substances can ruin a stool specimen
urine or tissue
Know the facts about bowel retraining
1) Be sensitive and promote the resident’s privacy. Be professional.
2) encourage the resident to drink plenty of fluids. Encourage the resident to also eat foods that are high in fiber.
3) Always answer call lights promptly. Always wear gloves when handling bodily wastes.
4) Don’t rush the resident during elimination.
