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A&P > Chapters 14-16 > Flashcards

Chapters 14-16 Flashcards

1
Q

How are muscles named?

A 
Location,Function,Shape
Direction of fibres 
Number of heads
Points of attachment
Size (small,medium,large)
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2
Q

Skeletal Muscles

A

Muscles of facial expression
Muscles of mastication (Chewing)
Muscles that move the head

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3
Q

Trunk Muscles

A

Muscles of Thorax
Muscles of Abdominal wall
Muscles of back
Muscles of liver

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4
Q

Points of attachment for muscles

A

Origin

Insertion

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5
Q

Origin

A

Point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts

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6
Q

Insertion

A

Point of attachment that moves when muscles contract

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7
Q

Upper extremity muscles

A 
Muscles acting on the shoulder gridle
Located anterior (Chest) 
Located Posterior (Back and Neck)
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8
Q

Muscles that allow for extensive movement

A

Muscles that move the arm
Muscles that move the forearm
Muscles that move the wrist,hand, and fingers

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9
Q

Muscles that move the ankle and foot

A

Extrinsic and Intrinsic muscles

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10
Q

Extrinsic Muscles

A

Foot muscles in the leg pull on tendons that insert on bones in the ankle and foot

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11
Q

What movements are extrinsic muscles responsible for?

A

Dorsiflexion
Plantar Flexion
Inversion and Eversion

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12
Q

Intrinsic Muscles

A

Foot muscles located within the foot

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13
Q

What movements are intrinsic muscles responsible for?

A

Flexion and Extension

Abduction and Adduction of the toes

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14
Q

Good Posture

A

Centre of gravity of the body which requires the least muscular work to maintain

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15
Q

What systems contribute to good posture?

A 
Nervous
Respiratory
Digestive
Excretory
Endocrine
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16
Q

Connective Tissue components

A

Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium

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17
Q

What is the Endomysium

A

muscle fiber, or muscle cell)
contains capillaries and nerves.
overlies the muscle fiber’s cell membrane

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18
Q

What is the Epimysium

A

fibrous elastic tissue surrounding a muscle

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19
Q

What is the Perimysium

A

connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers.

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20
Q

Noninflammatory Joint Diseases

A

Osteoarthritis
Joint Dislocation
Sprains

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21
Q

Inflammatory Joint Diseases

A 
Rheumatoid Arthritis (Tissues and Organs)
Juvenile Arthritis (Rash,Highfever, swelling of live+Spleen)
Gouty Arthritis (Excess blood levels of uric acid)
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22
Q

Types of Uniaxial Joints

A

Hinge Joints

Pivot Joints

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23
Q

Types of Biaxial Joints

A

Saddle Joints

Condyloid Joints

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24
Q

Types of Multiaxial Joints

A

Ball and Socket (Spheroid) Joints

Gliding Joints

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25
Q

True of False: External ankle rotation injuries generally involve ligament tears rather than bone fractures

A

False: Bone fractures occur more often than ligament tears in this injury

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26
Q

1st degree Ankle Sprain

A

Only a few ligament fibres are damaged.

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27
Q

2nd degree Ankle Sprain

A

Refers to more extensive damage to the ligament with associated swelling.

28
Q

3rd degree Ankle Spain

A

Complete rupture of the ligament with swelling and a possible joint dislocation.

29
Q

Angular Movements of Synovial Joints

A

Flexion
Extension + Hypertension
Plantar Flexion + Dorsiflexion
Abduction + Adduction

30
Q

Type of Hinge Joint

A

Elbow Joint

31
Q

Type of Pivot joint

A

Head of radius rotating against the unla

32
Q

Type of Saddle Joint

A

Joint of thumb

33
Q

Type of Condyloid joint

A

Atlantooccipital joint

34
Q

Type of Ball and Socket Joint

A

Shoulder and hip Joint

35
Q

Type of Gliding Joint

A

Articular processes between vertebrae

36
Q

Isometric Exercise

A

Contraction in which the muscle lengths remain the same while muscle tension increases

37
Q

Isotonic Exercise

A

Contraction in which the tone or tension within a muscle remains the same

38
Q

Concentric Contractions

A

Shortening of a muscle (Picking something up)

39
Q

Eccentric Contractions

A

Lengthening of a muscle (Putting something down)

40
Q

Each skeletal muscle fiber is innervated by a single motor axon. T or F

A

True

41
Q

What ion is used for cross bridging?

A

Myosin and Actin

42
Q

What is Cross Bridging

A

attachment of myosin with actin within the muscle cell

43
Q

What is Creatine Phosphate

A

molecule that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle and the brain.

44
Q

What does Creatine Phosphate do?

A

in muscle cells breaks down to provide phosphate and energy to convert ADP back to ATP.

45
Q

What is Treppe?

A

The staircase Phenomenon: Gradual, increase in strength contraction. (Warm up reps for athletes)

46
Q

Painful Contraction

A

Spasms of skeletal muscles and are often due to overuse and dehydration

47
Q

What happens in tetany contractions

A

spasms or cramps throughout the body

48
Q

which joints are most mobile?

A

Ball and Socket joints

49
Q

Muscle wasting

A

Lack of physical activity and not using muscles (Atrophy)

50
Q

Muscle growth

A

Strength training and physical excersize (Hypertrophy)

51
Q

What are Synovial Joints

A

Freely moveable joints.

Uniaxial,Biaxial,Multiaxial

52
Q

What are Fibrous Joints

A

Connective tissue joining bones and allow for limited movement
(Syndesmoses,Sutures,Gomphoses)

53
Q

Slipped Disc

A

Herniated: Injury or weakness can cause the inner portion of the disk to protrude through the outer ring.

54
Q

Housemaid’s Knee

A

prepatellar bursitis: caused by inflammation of a small fluid-filled sac (the bursa) in front of the kneecap.

55
Q

2 types of Muscle coverings

A

Superficial Fascia, and Deep Fascia.

56
Q

Superficial Fascia

A

thin layer of loose fatty connective tissue underlying the dermis and binding it to the parts beneath (Hypodermis)

57
Q

Deep Fascia

A

layer of dense connective tissue which can surround individual muscles

58
Q

Afferent Pathways

A

consists of all Incoming sensory or afferent pathways of the nervous system (Carry toward)
- Somatic sensory and Visceral sensory

59
Q

Efferent Pathways

A

Consists of all outgoing motor or efferent pathways of the nervous system (Carry away)
- Somatic motor, Sympathetic, Parasympathetic divisions

60
Q

What is CNS

A

Central Nervous System: functional center of the entire nervous system (Brain and Spinal cord)

61
Q

What is PNS

A

Peripheral Nervous System: Consists of the nerve tissues that lie on the outer regions of the nervous system.

62
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Permits rapid conduction in nerve fibers (Speeds up impulses)

63
Q

Reflex arc

A

Signal conduction route to and from the CNS (composed of Afferent neurons, Intraneuron and efferent neurons)

64
Q

Intraneurons lie within the outer regions of the nervous system T or F?

A

False: Intraneurons lie in the brain and spinal cord

65
Q

Astrocytes

A

Star shaped, largest and most numerous type of glia

66
Q

What is the purpose of Astrocytes

A

Transfer nutrients from the blood to the neurons

A&P (10 decks)

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