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CHILDREN AND YOUTH > Chapters 13 - Pediatric Conditions > Flashcards

Chapters 13 - Pediatric Conditions Flashcards

conditions

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1
Q

goal for all diagnoses in infants and youth/ adolescents

A
  • optimize occupational performance
  • facilitate ongoing developmental progress
  • help client interact with environment
  • provide parent education and support
  • help child function with ADLs, IADLs, play, social participation, and school
    ** essential to address all areas of occupational performance
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2
Q

acquired musculoskeletal disorders

A
  • condition NOT present at birth
  • injury or trauma to the skeletal or muscular system, or both
  • soft tissue injuries or fractures
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3
Q

soft tissue injuries def.

A
  • damage to muscle, nerves, skin, and/or connective tissue
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4
Q

contusion def.

A

injury that does not disrupt the integrity of the skin
- swelling, discoloration, and pain

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5
Q

crush wound or injury def.

A

breakn in the external surface of the bone, caused by severe force
- may require medical or OT intervention, may result in permanent deformity of the joints involved

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6
Q

dislocation def.

A

displacement of bone from the normal articulation at a joint
- most common in hip and shoulder

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7
Q

sprain def.

A

traumatic injury to the tendons, muscles, or ligaments around a joint
- pain, swelling, discoloration
- most frequent in the ankles and wrist

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8
Q

fractures def.

A

breaks, ruptures, or cracks in bones or cartilage
- closed fracture vs. open fracture
- immobilization for healing
- potential OT interventions focus on mobility, independence with ADLs

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9
Q

amputation def.

A

congenital: infant born missing all or part of a limb
traumatic: result of accident, infection, or cancer
- thumb and below elbow are most common
- often fitted with prosthesis
- potential OT interventions encourage use of prosthesis

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10
Q

arthrogryposis def.

A
  • genetic, attributed to reduced amniotic fluid during gestation, or CNS malformations
  • joint of lower and UE are stiff but not the spine
  • muscles are often thin, weak, or missing
  • ranges from mild to severe
  • contractures (permanent shortening of a joint) are common
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11
Q

congenital hip dysplasia def.

A
  • dislocation of one or both hips
  • caused by genetic or environment factors
  • medical treatment
    • surgery, casting, or bracing
  • OT intervention: infant wears casts to promote proper hip alignment
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12
Q

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) potential interventions

A
  • education about jp and ec techniques
  • training in the use of AE
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13
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta def.

A
  • congenital condition in which the bones do not develop correctly because collagen fails to form
    • prone to fractures with handling and movement
  • osteoporosis and scoliosis may occur
  • OTs must be gentle because of their brittle bones
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14
Q

genetic conditions

A
  • inherited health conditions occur because of changes in the genetic makeup of the fetus
  • genotype and phenotype
  • can occur when a gene mutates or a genetic problem is passed from parent to child
  • 30% of developmental disabilities are related to genetic conditions
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15
Q

achondroplasia or dwarfism

A
  • cartilage does not ossify into bones
  • arrested or stunted growth
  • physical features
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16
Q

duchene’s muscular dystrophy

A
  • muscle mass replaced by fat and scar tissue
  • progressive
  • affects cardiopulmonary system, which can result in death
  • scoliosis can develop
  • AVOID high resistance exercises
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17
Q

fragile x syndrome

A
  • genetic condition that causes limited brain development, an abnormal skull, prominent jaw and forehead, lax joints, and flat feet
  • various degrees of intellectual disabilities
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18
Q

prader-willi syndrome

A
  • involves chromosome 15
  • hypotonia/ feeding & swallowing difficulties
  • insatiable appetite - risk for diabetes
  • various degrees of intellectual disabilities, overeating habits, and self-mutilating behaviors
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19
Q

general interventions for genetic disorders

A
  • analysis of occupational performance
  • early intervention focusing on parent education and facilitating development
  • interventions to increase ROM, strength, and endurance
  • school skills, social skills, independence
  • behavioral modification programs
  • adaptations and compensation
20
Q

neurologic conditions def.

A
  • may involve CNS, PNS, or both
  • congenital or acquired from trauma or infection at birth or early months of life
21
Q

erb’s palsy def.

A
  • children born feet first or too large are at risk
  • caused by stretching or tearing nerves of the brachial plexus
  • variable severity of deficits
  • early intervention includes jp, PROM, and adaptations
22
Q

seizures def.

A
  • transient disturbances in brain function
    • epilepsy
  • a sudden attack, spasm, or convulsion; an intense, involuntary muscle contraction
  • OT should be aware of potential triggers and safety concerns
  • documentation of attack and communication with team are essential
23
Q

spina bifida

A
  • one or more vertebrae not formed properly
  • minimal to maximal function
  • comorbidities possible (scoliosis, kyphosis, hydrocephalus)
24
Q

shaken baby syndrome

A
  • caused by infants being violently shaken (bruised brain)
  • various levels of severity (developmental delays, visual impairments, hearing problems, or profound mental impairments)
25
Q

TBI

A
  • serious injury to the brain caused by forces coming into contact with the skull
  • recovery can take a long time
  • each case is unique
  • motor, cognitive, and emotional changes
26
Q

general intervention strategies for neurological conditions

A
  • motor learning or relearning
  • developmental interventions
  • biomechanical interventions
  • behavioral interventions
  • adaptive and/or compensatory interventions
27
Q

developmental disorders def.

A
  • mental and physical disabilities that arise before adulthood and last throughout a persons life
  • affects body functions and structures with a wide range of severity
28
Q

ADHD

A
  • prevalent neurobehavioral disorder
    • inattention and distractibility, hyperactivity
    • may have problems with sleep, self-esteem, and frustration tolerance
  • benefit from organization and structure and clear expectations
29
Q

autism

A
  • severe and complex impairments in reciprocal social interactions and communication skills; stereotypical behaviors, interests, and activities
  • behavioral characteristics
  • levels 1-3
30
Q

developmental coordination disorder

A
  • wide range of characteristics, but essential features include:
    • motor coordination significantly below chronologic age expectations and intellectual ability
    • impairments in occupational performance
  • less efficient and take a longer time with tasks (self-care, handwriting, etc.)
  • various levels of severity
    • generally have poor balance, postural control, and coordination
31
Q

rett syndrome

A
  • only females
  • characteristics: microcephaly, seizures, intellectual disability, stereotypical patterns of behavior, adolescents are generally non-ambulatory and do not have functional hand use
  • progressive disorder
32
Q

general intervention for developmental disorders

A
  • analysis of occupational performance
  • developmental interventions
  • motor development and refinement of abilities
  • cognitive-behavioral techniques
  • sensory diet to regulate emotions and attention
  • behavioral modifications
33
Q

cardiac disorders def.

A

conditions that involve the heart, vessels, blood, or bone marrow
- congenital heart disease
- atrial septal defects
- ventricular septal defects

34
Q

dysrhythmia def.

A

irregular cardiac rhythms
- brady or tachycardia
- children with these disorders can have difficulty with activities involving strength and endurance or have pain in the joints and muscles

35
Q

pulmonary disorders def.

A

conditions that involve the lungs

36
Q

asthma

A

chronic respiratory condition causing sudden, recurring attacks of labored breathing, chest constriction, and coughing
- environmental or genetic effects can cause it, and environmental or internal factors can trigger an attack

37
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

inherited disease that affects the exocrine glands
- many different factors/ possible complications

38
Q

hematologic disorders def.

A

conditions of the blood (plasma, blood cells, platelets)

39
Q

anemia

A

deficiency in the oxygen-carrying component of the blood

40
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

red blood cells are crescent shaped
- many many risks of complications

41
Q

sensory systems conditions

A
  • vision impairments
  • hearing impairments
  • general sensory disorganization: sensory systems transmit information poorly
42
Q

language delay/ language impairments

A
  • problems arise due to many reasons
  • usually understand more (receptive) than they talk (expressive)
  • children with language delays can develop learning problems later
  • important to provide other forms of communication to reduce frustration
43
Q

neoplastic disorders

A
  • neoplasm: abnormal new growth of tissue
  • leukemia: disorders in the bone marrow
  • tumors of the CNS: most common cancer
  • bone cancer and solid tumors: rare during childhood
44
Q

immunologic conditions

A
  • disorders caused by disruption of the immune system
    • chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome; fibromyalgia
    • HIV infection
    • latex or other allergies that could elicit an immune response
45
Q

environmentally induced/ acquired conditions

A

can develop before or after birth, are related to factors in the environment
- latex allergy
- allergies to food or chemicals
- failure to grow: symptom of another condition or a stand alone condition

46
Q

environmentally induced/ acquired conditions

A
  • fetal alcohol syndrome
  • prenatal drug exposure
  • lead poisoning

CHILDREN AND YOUTH (6 decks)

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