Chapters 13 - Pediatric Conditions Flashcards
conditions
1
Q
goal for all diagnoses in infants and youth/ adolescents
A
- optimize occupational performance
- facilitate ongoing developmental progress
- help client interact with environment
- provide parent education and support
- help child function with ADLs, IADLs, play, social participation, and school
** essential to address all areas of occupational performance
2
Q
acquired musculoskeletal disorders
A
- condition NOT present at birth
- injury or trauma to the skeletal or muscular system, or both
- soft tissue injuries or fractures
3
Q
soft tissue injuries def.
A
- damage to muscle, nerves, skin, and/or connective tissue
4
Q
contusion def.
A
injury that does not disrupt the integrity of the skin
- swelling, discoloration, and pain
5
Q
crush wound or injury def.
A
breakn in the external surface of the bone, caused by severe force
- may require medical or OT intervention, may result in permanent deformity of the joints involved
6
Q
dislocation def.
A
displacement of bone from the normal articulation at a joint
- most common in hip and shoulder
7
Q
sprain def.
A
traumatic injury to the tendons, muscles, or ligaments around a joint
- pain, swelling, discoloration
- most frequent in the ankles and wrist
8
Q
fractures def.
A
breaks, ruptures, or cracks in bones or cartilage
- closed fracture vs. open fracture
- immobilization for healing
- potential OT interventions focus on mobility, independence with ADLs
9
Q
amputation def.
A
congenital: infant born missing all or part of a limb
traumatic: result of accident, infection, or cancer
- thumb and below elbow are most common
- often fitted with prosthesis
- potential OT interventions encourage use of prosthesis
10
Q
arthrogryposis def.
A
- genetic, attributed to reduced amniotic fluid during gestation, or CNS malformations
- joint of lower and UE are stiff but not the spine
- muscles are often thin, weak, or missing
- ranges from mild to severe
- contractures (permanent shortening of a joint) are common
11
Q
congenital hip dysplasia def.
A
- dislocation of one or both hips
- caused by genetic or environment factors
- medical treatment
- surgery, casting, or bracing
- OT intervention: infant wears casts to promote proper hip alignment
12
Q
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) potential interventions
A
- education about jp and ec techniques
- training in the use of AE
13
Q
osteogenesis imperfecta def.
A
- congenital condition in which the bones do not develop correctly because collagen fails to form
- prone to fractures with handling and movement
- osteoporosis and scoliosis may occur
- OTs must be gentle because of their brittle bones
14
Q
genetic conditions
A
- inherited health conditions occur because of changes in the genetic makeup of the fetus
- genotype and phenotype
- can occur when a gene mutates or a genetic problem is passed from parent to child
- 30% of developmental disabilities are related to genetic conditions
15
Q
achondroplasia or dwarfism
A
- cartilage does not ossify into bones
- arrested or stunted growth
- physical features
16
Q
duchene’s muscular dystrophy
A
- muscle mass replaced by fat and scar tissue
- progressive
- affects cardiopulmonary system, which can result in death
- scoliosis can develop
- AVOID high resistance exercises
17
Q
fragile x syndrome
A
- genetic condition that causes limited brain development, an abnormal skull, prominent jaw and forehead, lax joints, and flat feet
- various degrees of intellectual disabilities
18
Q
prader-willi syndrome
A
- involves chromosome 15
- hypotonia/ feeding & swallowing difficulties
- insatiable appetite - risk for diabetes
- various degrees of intellectual disabilities, overeating habits, and self-mutilating behaviors
19
Q
general interventions for genetic disorders
A
- analysis of occupational performance
- early intervention focusing on parent education and facilitating development
- interventions to increase ROM, strength, and endurance
- school skills, social skills, independence
- behavioral modification programs
- adaptations and compensation
20
Q
neurologic conditions def.
A
- may involve CNS, PNS, or both
- congenital or acquired from trauma or infection at birth or early months of life
21
Q
erb’s palsy def.
A
- children born feet first or too large are at risk
- caused by stretching or tearing nerves of the brachial plexus
- variable severity of deficits
- early intervention includes jp, PROM, and adaptations
22
Q
seizures def.
A
- transient disturbances in brain function
- epilepsy
- a sudden attack, spasm, or convulsion; an intense, involuntary muscle contraction
- OT should be aware of potential triggers and safety concerns
- documentation of attack and communication with team are essential
23
Q
spina bifida
A
- one or more vertebrae not formed properly
- minimal to maximal function
- comorbidities possible (scoliosis, kyphosis, hydrocephalus)
24
Q
shaken baby syndrome
A
- caused by infants being violently shaken (bruised brain)
- various levels of severity (developmental delays, visual impairments, hearing problems, or profound mental impairments)
25
TBI
- serious injury to the brain caused by forces coming into contact with the skull
- recovery can take a long time
- each case is unique
- motor, cognitive, and emotional changes
26
general intervention strategies for neurological conditions
- motor learning or relearning
- developmental interventions
- biomechanical interventions
- behavioral interventions
- adaptive and/or compensatory interventions
27
developmental disorders def.
- mental and physical disabilities that arise before adulthood and last throughout a persons life
- affects body functions and structures with a wide range of severity
28
ADHD
- prevalent neurobehavioral disorder
- inattention and distractibility, hyperactivity
- may have problems with sleep, self-esteem, and frustration tolerance
- benefit from organization and structure and clear expectations
29
autism
- severe and complex impairments in reciprocal social interactions and communication skills; stereotypical behaviors, interests, and activities
- behavioral characteristics
- levels 1-3
30
developmental coordination disorder
- wide range of characteristics, but essential features include:
- motor coordination significantly below chronologic age expectations and intellectual ability
- impairments in occupational performance
- less efficient and take a longer time with tasks (self-care, handwriting, etc.)
- various levels of severity
- generally have poor balance, postural control, and coordination
31
rett syndrome
- only females
- characteristics: microcephaly, seizures, intellectual disability, stereotypical patterns of behavior, adolescents are generally non-ambulatory and do not have functional hand use
- progressive disorder
32
general intervention for developmental disorders
- analysis of occupational performance
- developmental interventions
- motor development and refinement of abilities
- cognitive-behavioral techniques
- sensory diet to regulate emotions and attention
- behavioral modifications
33
cardiac disorders def.
conditions that involve the heart, vessels, blood, or bone marrow
- congenital heart disease
- atrial septal defects
- ventricular septal defects
34
dysrhythmia def.
irregular cardiac rhythms
- brady or tachycardia
- children with these disorders can have difficulty with activities involving strength and endurance or have pain in the joints and muscles
35
pulmonary disorders def.
conditions that involve the lungs
36
asthma
chronic respiratory condition causing sudden, recurring attacks of labored breathing, chest constriction, and coughing
- environmental or genetic effects can cause it, and environmental or internal factors can trigger an attack
37
cystic fibrosis
inherited disease that affects the exocrine glands
- many different factors/ possible complications
38
hematologic disorders def.
conditions of the blood (plasma, blood cells, platelets)
39
anemia
deficiency in the oxygen-carrying component of the blood
40
sickle cell anemia
red blood cells are crescent shaped
- many many risks of complications
41
sensory systems conditions
- vision impairments
- hearing impairments
- general sensory disorganization: sensory systems transmit information poorly
42
language delay/ language impairments
- problems arise due to many reasons
- usually understand more (receptive) than they talk (expressive)
- children with language delays can develop learning problems later
- important to provide other forms of communication to reduce frustration
43
neoplastic disorders
- neoplasm: abnormal new growth of tissue
- leukemia: disorders in the bone marrow
- tumors of the CNS: most common cancer
- bone cancer and solid tumors: rare during childhood
44
immunologic conditions
- disorders caused by disruption of the immune system
- chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome; fibromyalgia
- HIV infection
- latex or other allergies that could elicit an immune response
45
environmentally induced/ acquired conditions
can develop before or after birth, are related to factors in the environment
- latex allergy
- allergies to food or chemicals
- failure to grow: symptom of another condition or a stand alone condition
46
environmentally induced/ acquired conditions
- fetal alcohol syndrome
- prenatal drug exposure
- lead poisoning
