Chapter 16 - Intellectual Disabilities Flashcards
neurodevelopmental disorder def.
characterized by significantly below average intellectual functioning as well as deficits in two or more adaptive areas
- ADLs
- communication
- social participation
- play/ leisure
- skills required to maintain independence
ID definition cont.
diagnosis is made using information from interviews with parents, observations, and completion of norm-referenced tests
- deficits in intellectual function (abstract thinking, problem solving), confirmed by clinical assessment
- deficits in adaptive behavior
measurement and classification (3)
- intelligence testing
- mental age
- adaptive functioning
IQ scores range from ____ to ____
0 to 145
______ is average IQ score
100
____ to ____ is WNL IQ score
85 to 115
____ to ___ is MILD IQ
50 - 69
____ to ____ is MODERATE IQ
36 to 49
____ to ____ is SEVERE IQ
20 to 35
less than _____ is PROFOUND IQ
20
adaptive functioning
- conceptual, social, and practical abilities that children rely on to adapt to changing environments
- OT practitioners measure adaptive functioning by looking at what a child can do in comparison to typical children his or her age
conceptual def.
includes receptive and expressive language, reading and writing, and self-direction
social skills def.
self-esteem, social problem solving, ability to follow rules
practical skills def.
ADLs, occupational skills
mental age
age at which a child or adolescent is actually functioning
- determined by performance on standardized tests
(chronological age: actual age of the child)
cause and incidence
include genetic factors, problems during pregnancy, difficult births, and health problems
- prenatal (genetic/ acquired)
- perinatal
- postnatal
prenatal causes
- genetic
- acquired from exposure to teratogens
perinatal causes
- anoxia or hypoxia during labor or the birthing process
postnatal causes
- infections
- trauma
- toxins
- neglect
mild intellectual disability
- IQ of 50-69
- problems in attaining higher levels of cognitive and performance skills
- as an adult, lives alone or with minimal supervision and partially or completely supports self financially
moderate intellectual disability
- IQ of 36-49
- needs regular support, likely to have deficits in academic, communicative, and social skills
- as an adult, works in sheltered workshops or community-supported employment settings and successfully lives in supervised living situations
severe intellectual disability
- IQ of 20-35
- requires regular support in all areas of occupational performance on a regular basis
- may have physical disability or communication disorder
