Chapter 16 - Intellectual Disabilities

Question 1

neurodevelopmental disorder def.

Answer 1

characterized by significantly below average intellectual functioning as well as deficits in two or more adaptive areas
- ADLs
- communication
- social participation
- play/ leisure
- skills required to maintain independence

Question 2

ID definition cont.

Answer 2

diagnosis is made using information from interviews with parents, observations, and completion of norm-referenced tests
- deficits in intellectual function (abstract thinking, problem solving), confirmed by clinical assessment
- deficits in adaptive behavior

Question 3

measurement and classification (3)

Answer 3

• intelligence testing
• mental age
• adaptive functioning

Question 4

IQ scores range from ____ to ____

Answer 4

0 to 145

Question 5

______ is average IQ score

Answer 5

100

Question 6

____ to ____ is WNL IQ score

Answer 6

85 to 115

Question 7

____ to ___ is MILD IQ

Answer 7

50 - 69

Question 8

____ to ____ is MODERATE IQ

Answer 8

36 to 49

Question 9

____ to ____ is SEVERE IQ

Answer 9

20 to 35

Question 10

less than _____ is PROFOUND IQ

Answer 10

20

Question 11

adaptive functioning

Answer 11

• conceptual, social, and practical abilities that children rely on to adapt to changing environments
• OT practitioners measure adaptive functioning by looking at what a child can do in comparison to typical children his or her age

Question 12

conceptual def.

Answer 12

includes receptive and expressive language, reading and writing, and self-direction

Question 13

social skills def.

Answer 13

self-esteem, social problem solving, ability to follow rules

Question 14

practical skills def.

Answer 14

ADLs, occupational skills

Question 15

mental age

Answer 15

age at which a child or adolescent is actually functioning
- determined by performance on standardized tests
(chronological age: actual age of the child)

Question 16

cause and incidence

Answer 16

include genetic factors, problems during pregnancy, difficult births, and health problems
- prenatal (genetic/ acquired)
- perinatal
- postnatal

Question 17

prenatal causes

Answer 17

• genetic
• acquired from exposure to teratogens

Question 18

perinatal causes

Answer 18

• anoxia or hypoxia during labor or the birthing process

Question 19

postnatal causes

Answer 19

• infections
• trauma
• toxins
• neglect

Question 20

mild intellectual disability

Answer 20

• IQ of 50-69
• problems in attaining higher levels of cognitive and performance skills
• as an adult, lives alone or with minimal supervision and partially or completely supports self financially

Question 21

moderate intellectual disability

Answer 21

• IQ of 36-49
• needs regular support, likely to have deficits in academic, communicative, and social skills
• as an adult, works in sheltered workshops or community-supported employment settings and successfully lives in supervised living situations

Question 22

severe intellectual disability

Answer 22

• IQ of 20-35
• requires regular support in all areas of occupational performance on a regular basis
• may have physical disability or communication disorder