Chapters 13-15

Question 1

In evaluating delinquency intervention programs, this seeks to “comprehensively identify and measure the benefits and costs of a program,” including those that occur during and after participation in the program

Answer 1

Cost–benefit analysis

Question 2

Characteristics of the youth and his/her environment that can be changed through intervention, such as antisocial attitudes and values, association with delinquent peers, dysfunctional family relationships, and antisocial personality traits

Answer 2

Dynamic risk factors

Question 3

“Involves the use of scientific principles to assess the available evidence on program effectiveness and to develop principles for best practice in any particular field”

Answer 3

Evidence-based practice

Question 4

“The degree to which a program’s core services, components, and procedures are implemented as originally designed”

Answer 4

Fidelity

Question 5

Targets identified juvenile offenders in order to prevent or eliminate a serious pattern of delinquent offending.

Answer 5

Indicated prevention (or tertiary prevention)

Question 6

A statistical technique that estimates the effects found across evaluation studies of intervention methods and strategies.

Answer 6

Meta-analysis

Question 7

Individual traits, abilities, and social circumstances that allow youth to adapt positively to adverse environments.

Answer 7

Protective factors

Question 8

A systematic guide to model programs for
delinquency prevention and intervention. The model programs that are identified and described have been found to be effective through evaluation research.

Answer 8

Program registry of evidence-based practice

Question 9

Achieving healthy psychosocial development and positive functioning despite stress, hardship, and adversity

Answer 9

Resiliency

Question 10

Exciting, pleasure-seeking acts such as alcohol and drug use, disruptive acts and underachievement in school, reckless driving, precocious sexual activity, and juvenile delinquency. These may be harmful for the youth and others and they may compromise psychosocial maturation in the adolescent and young adult years.

Answer 10

Risk-taking behaviors

Question 11

Any individual trait, social influence, or environmental condition that leads to greater likelihood of risk-taking behaviors and ultimately negative developmental outcomes during the adolescent years.

Answer 11

Risk factor

Question 12

Standardized assessment instruments to identify the likelihood or “risk” of future offending or reoffending, and the “criminogenic needs” of the youth—those factors that lead to delinquency and can be changed.

Answer 12

Risk/need assessment

Question 13

Prevention programs target youth or groups

of youths who are “at-risk” due to multiple risk factors in their lives.

Answer 13

Selective prevention (or secondary prevention)

Question 14

Background characteristics of the youth that cannot be changed through prevention programs, including the age of onset of problem behaviors, history of aggressive behavior and violence, and parental criminality.

Answer 14

Static risk factors

Question 15

Prevention programs that target the general
population of youth and include campaigns to prevent smoking and drug use, to promote problem-solving and dispute resolution skill through classroom education, and classes on parenting skills offered to all parents

Answer 15

Universal prevention (or primary prevention)

Question 16

Clinical tools used to classify problem behaviors and provide evidence for effective treatment.

Answer 16

Assessment instruments

Question 17

A youth who is involved with the juvenile justice system and at least one additional system of care.

Answer 17

Crossover youth

Question 18

A youth who has been adjudicated delinquent and placed in a residential facility

Answer 18

Deep-end youth

Question 19

A youth who is involved in both the child welfare system and the juvenile justice system, though not necessarily at the same time.

Answer 19

Dual-status youth

Question 20

The use of data gathered through research and evaluation as the basis for decision-making about policy and best practices.

Answer 20

Evidence-based practice

Question 21

An extension of the system of care approach that advocates for the need to focus on the multiple contexts where youth who have been exposed to violence, crime, and abuse receive care.

Answer 21

Linking systems of care

Question 22

Exposure to multiple victimizations from various types of violence and abuse.

Answer 22

Poly-victimization

Question 23

Brief tools used in both clinical and non-clinical settings to identify referral need for more in-depth assessment.

Answer 23

Screening instruments

Question 24

A comprehensive spectrum of mental health and other necessary services which are organized into a coordinated network to meet the changing needs of children and their families

Answer 24

System of care

Question 25

Physical and emotional response to events that threaten the life or emotional integrity of a youth or someone critically important to him or her

Answer 25

Trauma

Question 26

A youth services approach focusing on the importance of multi-system treatment and the need to address barriers and challenges for providing comprehensive
health and human services to youth and their families

Answer 26

Wraparound services

Question 27

Occurs when a parent or caregiver is responsible for or allows abuse or neglect of a youth. It includes physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, as well as physical,
emotional, and educational neglect.

Answer 27

Youth maltreatment

Question 28

The ability to control impulses, including aggressive impulses.

Answer 28

Temperance

Question 29

The ability to consider multiple viewpoints, including long-term consequences of behavior, the “role of the other,” moral belief with regard to right and wrong, good and bad.

Answer 29

Perspective

Question 30

The ability to take personal responsibility for one’s behavior and resist the coercive influences of others.

Answer 30

Responsibility

Question 31

What are the three key elements that are critically important to healthy adolescent development?

Answer 31

The presence of a parent or parent figure
Peer group association
Parents, schools, and work provide opportunities

Question 32

What are the three model programs in delinquency prevention?

Answer 32

Universal Prevention
Selective Prevention
Indicated Prevention

Question 33

What is Universal Prevention?

Answer 33

Target the general population of youth and include campaigns to prevent smoking and drug use, and to promote problem-solving and dispute resolution skills through classroom education, and classes on parenting skills offered to all parents. 
Includes LST (Life Skills Training)

Question 34

What is Selective Prevention?

Answer 34

Target youth or groups of youth who are “at risk” due to multiple risk factors in their lives.
Includes Nurse-Family Partnership

Question 35

What is Indicated Prevention?

Answer 35

Target identified juvenile offenders in order to prevent or eliminate a serious pattern of delinquent offending.
Includes MST (Multisystemic Therapy)

Question 36

What are the three main characteristics of the systems of care approach?

Answer 36

Family driven and Youth Guided
Community Based
Culturally and Linguistically Competent

Question 37

What is a dual-status youth?

Answer 37

A youth who is in both child welfare and the juvenile justice systems

Question 38

What are the five common systems in which justice-involved youth can receive services?

Answer 38

Child welfare System
Education system
Mental health system
Medical care system
Substance abuse treatment

Question 39

What number of youth are both in the child welfare system and known to the juvenile justice system?

Answer 39

Between 33% and 50%

Question 40

What is a deep-end youth?

Answer 40

A youth who has been adjudicated delinquent and placed in a residential facility.

Question 41

What percentage of all youth in the juvenile justice systems have a diagnosable mental disorder?

Answer 41

70%

Question 42

How is medical care involved with the juvenile justice system?

Answer 42

Court-involved youth are more likely to develop or have chronic medical issues
Many juveniles in JJS don’t have access to medical care beforehand

Question 43

What percentage of youth in the juvenile justice systems have some sort of substance abuse problem?

Answer 43

up to 80%

Question 44

What is the recent initiative in systems of care?

Answer 44

Vision 21

Question 45

What percentage of people are exposed to violence, crime, and/or abuse?

Answer 45

60%

Question 46

What is poly-victimization?

Answer 46

Youth report that they have experienced multiple forms of victimization

Question 47

What percentage of court-involved youth report incidents of trauma?

Answer 47

70% to 90%