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physics > chapters 13-14 > Flashcards

chapters 13-14 Flashcards

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1
Q

simple harmonic motions

A

the motion that occurs when the force pushing or pulling on an object is proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium

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2
Q

amplitude (SHM)

A

the maximum displacement from the equilibrium position reached by an object undergoing SHM

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3
Q

Period (SHM)

A

the time for an object to complete one entire vibration

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4
Q

frequency (SHM)

A

the number of vibrations made per second

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5
Q

what does the period of oscillation depend on for a spring undergoing SHM

A

mass and spring constant k

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6
Q

Is energy conserved when dealing with a mass on spring?

A

yes

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7
Q

at maximum energy what does the spring have?

A

elastic potential energy

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8
Q

at equilibrium what does the spring system have?

A

kinetic energy

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9
Q

When will the mass be traveling the fastest?

A

as it passes equilibrium

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10
Q

what does the period of oscillation depend on for a pendulum?

A

length of pendulum and acceleration

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11
Q

is energy conserved when dealing with a simple pendulum?

A

Yes

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12
Q

at its maximum amplitude what does a pendulum have?

A

gravitational potential energy

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13
Q

at equilibrium what does a pendulum system have?

A

kinetic energy

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14
Q

when will a pendulum be traveling at its fastest speed?

A

when it passes equilibrium

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15
Q

what type of graph does an object that undergoes SHM make?

A

in the shape of a sine or cosine function

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16
Q

what happens when energy is lost from a system that is undergoing SHM?

A

it undergoes damping

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17
Q

critical damping

A

where the oscillator returns as quickly as possible to equilibriumm

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18
Q

under damping

A

where the oscillator has a solo decrease in oscillations as it returns to equilibrium

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19
Q

over damping

A

where the damping is so large it takes a while to return to equilibrium

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20
Q

when energy is put into a system to cause oscillations it is said to be…

A

driven

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21
Q

if a system is not driver nor damped it will…

A

oscillate at its natural frequency

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22
Q

a system driven close to its natural frequency will experience…

A

large amplitude of oscillation

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23
Q

when is a system said to be in resonance

A

when its driven close to its natural frequency and has large amplitudes of oscillation

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24
Q

wave

A

a disturbance that propagates from place to place

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25
Q

as a wave travels it carries

A

energy

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26
Q

the amount of energy a wave can carry is determined on its…

A

amplitude

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27
Q

crest

A

high point of a wave

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28
Q

troughs

A

low points on a wave

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29
Q

wavelength

A

distance between identical parts of the wave

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30
Q

amplitude

A

the distance from the midpoint to the crest or trough

31
Q

frequency (waves)

A

the number of waves to pass a position in a second

32
Q

period (waves)

A

the time it takes for one wavelength to pass a position

33
Q

transverse waves are created when

A

particles in a wave oscillate at right angles to the direction of the waves propagation (ex: light waves or on a stringed instrument)

34
Q

longitudinal waves are created when

A

particles in a wave oscillate parallel to the direction of the waves propagation (ex: sound waves)

35
Q

in longitudinal waves source + coils moves ___ where in transverse waves the source + coils moves ___

A

left and right; up and down

36
Q

mechanical waves

A

waves that require a medium to travel in (sound waves)

37
Q

speed of mechanical waves depends on what?

A

medium it is in

38
Q

electromagnetic waves

A

are waves that do not require a medium to travel in and whose speed is constant (ex: light waves)

39
Q

whenever a wave changes materials its frequency…

A

remains the same but the speed and wavelength change

40
Q

when a wave is reflected from a FIXED end…

A

the amplitude changes because the opposing force at the fixed end acts in the opposite direction of the original amplitude

41
Q

when a wave is reflected from a LOOSE end…

A

the amplitude direction does not change because there’s no opposing force

42
Q

interference

A

occurs when waves arrive at the same point at the same time and combine

43
Q

what does interference create

A

a resultant wave that is the sum of the individual wave amplitudes which is called superposition

44
Q

constructive interference

A

occurs when the crest of one wave overlaps with the crest of another which results in a wave of larger amplitude

45
Q

destructive interference

A

occurs when the crest of one wave overlaps with the trough of another which results in a wave of reduced amplitude

46
Q

what do two waves of slightly different frequencies who interfere make

A

beats

47
Q

beat frequency

A

the absolute value of the difference between the frequencies of the two waves

48
Q

standing wave

A

a wave that oscillates in a fixed location which are results of incident and reflecting waves that are confined to a region

49
Q

nodes

A

the point on a standing sound wave that occurs due to destructive interference, lowest amplitude

50
Q

antinodes

A

the point on a standing sound wave that occurs due to constructive interference, the highest amplitude

51
Q

increase in tension will …

A

increase the frequency of a standing wave on a string

52
Q

standing sound wave can form…

A

inside a pipe with an open or closed end

53
Q

in a pipe with an open end and a closed end a standing sound wave must have…

A

a node at the closed end and an antinode at the open end

54
Q

in a pipe with two open ends a standing sound wave must have…

A

an antinode at both open ends (no sound will be heard at the node and a louder sound will be heard at the antinode)

55
Q

what is the order of harmonics in a closed ended pipe?

A

1,3,5,7…

56
Q

what is the order of harmonics in an open ended pipe?

A

1,2,3,4…

57
Q

hearing

A

perception of sound

58
Q

pitch

A

the frequency of the corresponding sound wave

59
Q

sound consists of

A

longitudinal waves consisting of alternating regions of high and low pressures

60
Q

what does the speed of sound depend on?

A

the medium and the temperature. the stiffer the medium the faster the speed, the higher the temp the faster the speed

61
Q

what does the loudness of a sound depend on?

A

intensity of a wave

62
Q

intensity

A

the amount of energy passing thorugh a given area in a given time or the power per area

63
Q

the greater the amplitude the ____ the intensity of a wave

A

greater

64
Q

intensity ___ with distance from the source

A

decreases

65
Q

sound level intensity

A

tells you the level of a sound relative to a fixed standard

66
Q

threshold of hearing

A

10^-12 W/m^2 or 0 dB

67
Q

threshold of pain

A

1 W/m^2 or 120 dB

68
Q

when you double the loudness of a sound you increase its intensity by a factor of …

A

10 which corresponds to an increase of 10 dB

69
Q

doppler effect

A

when a wave source is moving relative to an observer. it describes what happens to the frequency of a sound as it approaches or moves away from an observer

70
Q

as a sound wave approaches the observer hears a …..

A

higher pitch

71
Q

as the sound wave moves away an observes hears a …

A

lower pitch

72
Q

the doppler effect is NOT related to the …

A

amplitude or intensity of a sound wave

73
Q

for a stationary observer and a moving sound source the equation is…

A

fsource/(1+- vsource/vsound)
+ = as source moves away
- = as source approcahes

74
Q

for a moving observer and a stationary sound source the equation is…

A

fsource(1+- vobs/vsound)
+ = as observer approaches source
- = as observer moves away

physics (7 decks)

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