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physics > chapter 18-19 > Flashcards

chapter 18-19 Flashcards

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1
Q

electric charge

A

a property of an object that allows it to be attached or repelled from another charged object

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2
Q

static electricity

A

the buildup of electric charge on the surface of an object

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3
Q

what is the charge of a proton

A

+ 1.6 x 10^-19 C

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4
Q

what is the charge of an electron

A

-1.6 x 10^-19 C

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5
Q

1 Coulomb of charge has ____ electrons

A

6.25 x 10^18

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6
Q

electrically neutral

A

equal amounts of positive and negative charge

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7
Q

conductors

A

objects that allow charges to move freely (ex: metals and salty water)

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8
Q

insulators

A

objects that do not allow charges to move freely (ex: rubber and wood)

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9
Q

semi-conductors

A

objects that act as both conductors and insulators depending on the temperature (ex; silicon and germanium)

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10
Q

charges in a conductor will move to the ___ as they can move freely

A

the surface

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11
Q

charges in an insulator will remain in ___

A

one place as they can’t move freely

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12
Q

when objects are charged, electric charge is …

A

transferred between objects; the total amount of charge in the system doesn’t change during this process

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13
Q

turboelectric charging

A

happens when two charged materials are rubbed against each other transferring charges from one material to the other. This leaves one material with a net positive charge and the other with a net negative charge

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14
Q

charging by conduction

A

occurs when a charged conductor is placed in contact with a neutral conductor; charges evenly distributed throughout the two conductors

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15
Q

charge by induction

A

this created a charge in a nearby object without direct contact. the charged object is never touching the object being charged by induction and there is no transfer of charged

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16
Q

polarization

A

occurs when charge separate but the object remains neutral. through polarization neutral objects can become attracted to a charged object. The object being charged receives a charge opposite that used to charge it

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17
Q

unit for electric field

A

N/C

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18
Q

electrostatic force

A

the attraction or repulsion between charges

19
Q

five rules for electric field lines

A
  1. They always point in the same direction as
    the electric field at every point
  2. They start at positive charges or infinity
  3. They end at negative charges or infinity
  4. The closer the field lines are, the stronger
    the electric field
  5. The number of lines that enter or exit a
    charge is proportional to the magnitude of the charge
20
Q

when an electric field is applied to a conductor…

A

the charges of the conductor move until the field is perpendicular to the surface leaving one side of the conductor positively charged, the other negatively charged. This also created a stronger electric field nearby the conductor and the polarization of charges inside the conductor creates an opposing electric field cancelling any electric field inside the conductor

21
Q

electric potential energy

A

the amount of work required to bring a positive test charge close to a negative charge

22
Q

electric potential

A

the potential energy per unit charge (unit is Volts)

23
Q

electric potential difference

A

occurs when there is a change in electric potential between two points; electric potential difference is also known as voltage

24
Q

electron-volt

A

the energy required to accelerate a fundamental charge through a voltage of one volt

25
Q

the electric potential decreases in the direction of…

A

the electric field and remains constant in the direction perpendicular to the electric field

26
Q

electric current

A

the rate at which charge flows. large currents move a lot of charge in a small amount of time where small current one a small amount of charge in a large amount of time

27
Q

conventional current travels from…

A

a higher or positive potential to a lower or negative potential

28
Q

we use conventional current to define…

A

the direction that current flows

29
Q

resistors

A

impede the flow of current by providing resistance

30
Q

resistance

A

the measure of how much a certain material impedes the flow of current

31
Q

Ohms Law

A

states that the current traveling in a wire is directly proportional to the voltage across the wire and inversely proportional to the resistance of the wire.

32
Q

Materials that follow Ohm’s Law are called…

A

Ohmic Materials and have a linear relationship between current, voltage, and resistance.

33
Q

Materials that do not follow Ohm’s Law are called…

A

Non-Ohmic Materials and have an exponential relationship between current, voltage, and resistance

34
Q

We use Ohm’s Law to determine…

A

the voltage drop across a resistor in a simple circuit.

35
Q

A simple circuit consists of…

A

a battery connected using wires to a resistor.

36
Q

power

A

the rate at which energy is used

37
Q

electrical power

A

the rate at which electric potential energy is supplied or dissipated

38
Q

direct current

A

describes the flow of electric charge in only one direction where voltage and current are always constant

39
Q

alternating current

A

describes the flow of oscillating charges that constantly change direction

40
Q

short circuits

A

occur when the path current takes is suddenly shortened, increasing the current to an unsafe amount that
increases the temperature of the wi

41
Q

short circuits

A

occur when the path current takes is suddenly shortened, increasing the current to an unsafe amount that
increases the temperature of the wire

42
Q

in an all inseries circuit…

A

the current is the same for all resistors

43
Q

in an all in parallel circuit…

A

the voltage is the same for all resistors

physics (7 decks)

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