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Psychology Chapters 4,5,6, & 7 > Chapters 12, 13, and 14 > Flashcards

Chapters 12, 13, and 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Chapter 12

What is abnormal behavior?

A

Behavior that is deviant, maladaptive, personally distressing.

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2
Q

What is maladaptive behavior?

A

Dysfunctional behavior

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3
Q

What is the psychological approach?

A

Experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality

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4
Q

What types of characteristics are taken into consideration when using the sociocultural approach?

A

Social Context

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5
Q

What are the main controversies surrounding the DMS-IV-TR?

A

Stigma, Medical Terminology, focuses on weakness, and promotes over-diagnosis

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6
Q

What feelings or emotions are associated with anxiety disorders?

A

Intense fear of being humiliated, overprotective, rejecting parenting

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of panic disorder?

A

Sudden onsets of intense terror, genetic predisposition, conditioning to CO2, gender differences.

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8
Q

What disorders fall under the category of anxiety disorders?

A

Generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, OCD, PTSD

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9
Q

What are the effects of PTSD?

A

Flashbacks, avoidance or emotional experiences, excessive startle, difficulties with memory, and impulsive outbursts

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10
Q

What is the leading cause of disability in the US?

A

Mental illness

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11
Q

What brain structures are involved in depression? Are the brain structures less or more active?

A
  1. Amygdala, Thalamus, Hippocampus, Prefrontal Cortex

2. Less Active

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12
Q

What is learned helplessness?

A

A condition where a person suffers from a sense of powerlessness arising from a traumatic event or persistent failure to succeed.

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13
Q

How many people who commit suicide are thought to have a diagnosable mental disorder?

A

40,000

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14
Q

In people suffering from anorexia nervosa, what is their weight when compared to normal people?

A

Excessively low

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15
Q

What is the main feature of dissociative disorders?

A

Sudden loss of memory or change in identity

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16
Q

What is the least common dissociative disorder?

A

Dissociative Identity Disorder

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17
Q

What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Hallucinations and delusions, thought disorders, and disorders of movement.

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18
Q

What are hallucinations?

A

When the mind perceives something that is not there

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19
Q

Chapter 13
1. What type of disorders are benzodiazepines used to treat?

  1. What are some examples of them?
A
  1. Mental Disorders

2. Anxiety, insomnia, seizures

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20
Q

What are Tricyclics and what disorder are they used to treat?

A
  1. Antidepressants

2. Panic Disorder

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21
Q

What have studies shown about the use of antidepressants in children?

A

Increases suicide rates

22
Q

What is electroconvulsive therapy used to treat?

A

Major depressive disorder

23
Q

What is the focus of psychodynamic therapy?

A

Psychological processes

24
Q

What is transference? Be able to recognize and example.

A

A phenomenon characterized by unconscious redirection of feelings from one person to another

25
Q

What are the characteristics of client-centered therapy?

A

Unconditional positive regard, Genuineness, and empathetic understanding.

26
Q

What is the primary premise of the humanistic approach?

A

Conscious thoughts, self-healing, and self-fulfillment

27
Q

What is the goal of behavior therapy?

A

The unlearning of maladaptive behavior

28
Q

What is cognitive therapy?

A

Cognitive restructuring

29
Q

What is the focus of Beck’s cognitive therapy?

A

To reduce self-defeating thoughts

30
Q

What are the advantages of group therapy?

A

The group shares disorders

31
Q

What techniques are used in family therapy?

A

Validation, reframing, structural change, and de-triangulation.

32
Q

What are some examples of self-help groups?

A

Alcoholics Anonimous, Narcotics Anonimous, and Smart Recovery

33
Q

What does research say about the effectiveness of psychotherapy?

A

It enhances psychological well-being

34
Q

What occurs for therapy to be considered effective?

A

A change in the targeted behavior

35
Q

What is the most important factor in the outcome of therapy?

A

The well-being of the patient

36
Q

Chapter 14

What is the belief of health psychology?

A

Establishing health and preventing illness

37
Q

What is the difference between theory of reasoned action and theory of planned action?

A

Planned action requires control over the outcome

38
Q

Which state of change is consciousness raising associated with?

A

Contemplation

39
Q

What is the order of the stages of change model?

A

Precontemplation, contemplation, determination, action, and maintenance.

40
Q

What is associated with each stage in the stages of change model?

A 
Precontemplation = Not ready
Contemplation = Acknowledge problem
Determination = Plan Action
Action = Commit and enact plan
Maintenance = Long term success
41
Q

What is the strongest predictor of making successful life changes?

A

Personal Motivation

42
Q

What have studies shown about the benefits of religious participation?

A

Linked to a longer, healthier life

43
Q

What is associated with an internal locus of control?

A

Awareness

44
Q

What is self-efficacy and what concept is it linked to?

A

Ones ability to organize information

Linked to the ability to execute a course of action

45
Q

What does Seligman say about optimists and pessimists?

A

That they are ways of coping with stress

46
Q

What is the general adaptation syndrome used to describe?

A

Resistance to stress

47
Q

What are the stages of the general adaptation syndrome?

A

Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

48
Q

What is primary appraisal?

A

Cognitive appraisals

49
Q

What is secondary appraisal?

A

Peoples evaluations of their resources and options

50
Q

What is emotion-focused coping and how does it reduce stress?

A

Talking or writing about their emotions or mindful meditation

It clears the mind for rational thinking

51
Q

What is problem-focused coping and how does it reduce stress?

A

Being positive

It doesn’t let stress get the better of that person

52
Q

What are the rates of teen pregnancy in the US when compared to other countries?

A

The U.S. has a higher rate of teen pregnancy

Psychology Chapters 4,5,6, & 7 (3 decks)

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