Chapters 11 and 12: Central Dogma of Molecular Biology Flashcards
What are microsatellites?
Stretches of repeated sequences of three bases each, which cause neurodegenerative disorders. Such “trinucleotide repeats” are members of a larger category of repeats of 1 to 6 bases (N1 to N 6)
What is a knockout mutant?
A mutant that contains a mutation that eliminates the function of a specific gene
What did Beadle and Tatum discover? How did they do it?
- -They confirmed that one gene codes for one enzyme
- -This was accomplished by mutating Neurospora,so it could not survive without argenine. The argenine synthesis metabolic pathway consists of several intermediate molecules. The Neurospora was combined with these each intermediate molecule separately. The Neurospora only grew some of the time. In the unsuccessful cases (metabolic pathway not being completed), it was determined that the enzymes responsible for converting the intermediates to eventually make argenine, must have been mutated.
By convention which end (3’ or 5’) is written on the left for an anticodon?
3’
What does ORF stand for, where is it located, and what does it mean?
Open Reading Frame. It is the region of the mRNA that contains a start codon, codons which code for the remaining amino acids, and a stop codon
What are the three stop codons?
UGA, UAG, and UAA
In what direction does RNA polymerase travel along the template (anit-coding) strand in order to synthesize RNA?
3’ to 5’
Which of the following have hydrogen bonds in them: DNA, RNA, Protein?
ALL of them
What are three post-transcriptional modifications that happen to make mature mRNA?
5’-capping, 3’-poly A tail, introns are spliced out
In a table meant for the communication of data, what should be placed in the headings of the columns?
A brief description of the dependent variables
Why is overlapping variance important?
If the variances do not overlap, the conclusion is that the treatments are ‘significantly’ different from one another. If they do overlap, you cannot claim that the treatments are different.
In what direction is RNA synthesized?
5’–>3’
