Ch. 15 and 16: Cellular Respiration and Production of ATP Flashcards
Substrate-level phosphorylation is seen in which metabolic pathway(s)?
Glycolysis and
Krebs Cycle
What is an electron carrier that function in the Kreb’s cycle?
NAD+ and FAD
How can your muscle cells continue to produce ATP if there isn’t enough oxygen present?
Muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to make ATP
–In the absence of oxygen, glycolysis is followed by fermentation that produces lactic acid
What happens to a cell that has been using fermentation to create ATP, when that cell receives oxygen again?
Lactic acid is converted back to pyruvate, which can be used to make acetyl CoA and enter the Kreb’s cycle
Why would adding inorganic phosphate to a reaction mixture where glycolysis was proceeding sustain the metabolic pathway?
Inorganic phosphate is required to phosphorylate the substrate in glycolysis
What two molecules is energy extracted from during the energy-yielding phase of glycolysis?
NADH and ATP
Protons are pumped from where to where inside the mitochondria to establish a gradient?
The mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space
Why is oxygen useful in the ETC?
It picks up electrons and protons
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm
Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
In the mitochondrial matrix
Where is the inner mitochondrial membrane?
The bilayer between the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix
Can protons cross the inner mitochondrial membrane?
NO. Ions, like protons, must travel through ion channels in the membrane (facilitated diffusion)
How many levels of regulation control the Krebs cycle?
Three
Is substrate-level phosphroylation used to create ATP in the electron transport chain?
No.
ATP is produced by protons moving down their concentration gradients, which powers ATP synthase
Do both chloroplast and mitochondria have DNA?
YES
Can both chloroplasts and mitochondria reproduce themselves?
YES
Are both chloroplasts and mitochondria double membrane organelles
YES
Are chloroplasts and mitochondria part of the endomembrane system?
NO
What is the site of synthesis of proteins for export?
Ribosomes attached to the Rough ER
What is the inner membrane system of chloroplasts called?
Thylakoid
What constitutes the endomembrane system?
The nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, vesicles, endosomes and the cell membrane.
How is the nuclear membrane related to the endoplasmic reticulum?
The inner and outer bilayers of the nuclear envelope are separated by a space that is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum, thus providing direct contact between the two structures.
