Chapters 10-17 Flashcards
what were the three major styles of 1945-1956?
Pop, R&B, Country & Western.
What was Sun Records?
Independent record company that started Elvis, Jerry Lee Lewis. The mixing pot that rock came out of.
What was a 45?
a small record that could only hold two songs.
what was “Pop”?
Major label, international, heard everywhere, dance/ent. Conservative, vocals featured, big band instrumentation but with no jazz.
What was “R&B”?
Independent labels, dance/ent. Jazz-oriented, came directly out of big band but simplified the rhythms. Introduced “shout” singing, all topics, some controversy. Urban-not heard in small towns. First style to feature electric guitar.
What was the Country & Western style?
Independent labels, dance/ent. Lyrical vocals, conservative “real life” lyrics, acoustic folk-style. Heard in rural areas.
Who was Frank Sinatra?
Started as a Pop singer, then moved to r&b (jazz) singing. Credited with changing the focus of music from the instruments to the voice.
Who was Louis Jordan?
R&B shout vocalist, sax, composer, dancer. Visuals, wanted the audience to have fun.
Who was Cab Calloway?
R&B musician, liked fun, visuals.
Who was Ray Charles?
R&B, shout singer, used big bands, liked background singers
Who was Louis Prima?
R&B, liked fun, visuals.
What was the most popular dance style from 1945-1956?
The jitterbug was still the most popular dance style in the pop, r&b and c&w era.
what happened on 2-10-56?
“Rock’s birthday,” when “Heartbreak Hotel” sung by Elvis was released on the airwaves.
What did pop, r&b and c&w each contribute to the first styles of rock?
Pop: major labels, vocal focus, lyrics. R&B: Songs, shout singing, electric guitar. C&W: Musicians, country click.
Who was Sam Phillips?
Manager of Sun Records, discovered Elvis, encouraged all styles of music which resulted in the melting pot that rock came out of.
What was “Rockabilly”?
First rock style, combo of R&B (electric guitar, songs, shout singing) and C&W (acoustic guitar, musicians, country click). Birth of “rhythm” and “lead” guitar. Carl Perkins and Elvis, who took over for Carl, started here.
What was “Blackbeard Jungle”?
A movie made for the newly invented “teenager” with music done by Bill Haley and the Comets.
Who was rock’s audience?
12-16 yr olds.
What new tech advance greatly affected early rock?
Television
How much of rock music were covers?
80-90%
who was Richard Penniman?
“Little Richard” pianist, shout singer, limited composer-used the same patterns. Controversial, gibberish lyrics. Visuals, introduced falsetto, trademark was short vocal intro.
Who was Chuck Berry?
First major electric guitar soloist, very chordal. Shout singer, very visual, composed songs teens could relate to, musical trademark was guitar intro.
Who was Elvis Presley?
shout and lyrical singer, “package product”. 1st career as a musician before the millitary, as tv and movie actor after. Ed Sullivan TV show.
Who was Jerry Lee Lewis?
1956-59, rock pianist, shout singer, controversial. “Killer.” sun records.
Who was Buddy Holly?
very young composer, guitar player, singer. his songs focused on teen topics. his band was called “the crickets.”
who were the Everly Brothers?
a vocal dou, solidified the focus on vocals in rock.
What was the “Teen Idol” style?
late 50s-early 60s, Every major label, rock’s first manufactured style, teen vocalists, audience was 12-16 yr old girls. No controversy.
who was Paul Anka?
Teen idol style, had his first hit at 15 which he wrote himself. toured internationally.
Who was frankie avalon?
teen idol style, had his first hit at 16
Who was Neil Sedaka?
teen idol style, was going to be a classical pianist, composed his own songs, liked to sing all the parts himself.
What was “american bandstand?”
tv show for teens that started in 1958, excellent way to broadcast new music.
What was the Twist?
Most popular 1960-1963, a dance style that sparked a music genre that focused on the dance. “Dance craze.”
Who was Chubby Checker?
Twist style, singer.
What was the “Southern California”style?
1960-1965, 1st fad/fantasy/surf lifestyle, 1st very complex vocally. Fun lyrics, basic instrumentation.
What was the SoCal sound vocal parts?
Main melody, counter melody in falsetto, and multi-part harmony.
what was the socal guitar sound?
Mix of Chuck Berry’s chordal and Dick Dale’s melodic.
who were the beach boys?
Socal style, led by Brian Wilson.
What was the folk rock style?
1960-1965, art music, 18 yrs +, first rock style for adults. Acoustic, high quality lyrics, any serious topic, made for discussion.
what was folk rock’s 1st phase?
1960-63 college students, it was hard to market
What was folk rock’s 2nd phase?
1963-65m heard nationally, more refined sound and image.
Who was Robert Zimmerman?
Bob Dylan, folk rock 1st phase, composer, poet, continued on to start electric folk rock.
Who was Peter, Paul and Mary?
folk rock group, phase 2, smooth singing style, very marketable.
