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Anatomy > Chapters 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Chapters 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the median plane?

A

Divides the body down the middle of the sagittal plane (left and right)

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2
Q

What is the axial plane?

A

Divides the body into the top and bottom; transverse plane

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3
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A

Divides the body into top and bottom; axial plane

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4
Q

What is the coronal plane?

A

Divides the body from front to back (chop the face off); frontal plane

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5
Q

What is the frontal plane?

A

Divides the body into a front and back (“cut the face off”)

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6
Q

Difference between caudal and cranial?

A

butt/head

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7
Q

Difference between ventral and dorsal?

A

belly/back

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8
Q

Define flexion

A

generally: a movement in the sagittal plane that decreases the angle to the body

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9
Q

Define extension

A

generally: a movement in the sagittal plane that “straightens” or increases the angle from the body

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10
Q

Difference between elevation/depression

A

elevation- movement of a body part superiorly

depression- movement of a body part inferiorly

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11
Q

To what body part does protraction/retraction apply?

A

scapula

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12
Q

To what body part does pronation/supination apply?

A

radius/ulna- supination is when you have your palm up asking for soup

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13
Q

To what body part does dorsiflexion/plantarflexion apply to?

A

ankle- dorsi- flex the dorsal foot up to you- foot up

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14
Q

To what body part does eversion/inversion refer to?

A

ankle- inversion puts your foot in

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15
Q

What body part does opposition/reposition refer to?

A

thumb/little finger- opposition- touch “opposites” bring pinky and thumb together in palm

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16
Q

To what body part does protrusion/retrusion refer?

A

the mandible

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17
Q

What is it called when the trunk moves laterally?

A

Lateral bending

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18
Q

Define: superficial fascia

A

also known as subcutaneous layer (and hypodermis?)

layer of loose connective tissue found just beneath the skin, contains mostly fat. Also contain lymph vessels, blood vessels, glands, and nerves

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19
Q

Define: deep fascia

A

Forms a continuous layer over muscles, blood vessels, and body cavities. often named after the tissue it covers.

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20
Q

What is fascia called that surrounds a blood vessel?

A

Sheath

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21
Q

What is a retinacula?

A

A deep fascia that binds down muscles/tendons, such as the retinacula in your hands

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22
Q

What is the difference between a aponeuroses and a tendon?

A

tendons are usually cord like and aponeuroses are sheet like. Both attach to muscle bodies

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23
Q

What are some factors that can contribute to a muscle’s name (5)?

A

shape, size, location, fiber direction, and action

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24
Q

What are the 4 types of gross boney features?

A

elevation- process, head, condyle, ridge, crest, etc.
depression- fossa, fovea, sulcus, notch, etc.
opening- foramen, hiatus
space- cavity, canal

25
Q

What are the three types of joints and characteristics of each?

A

Fibrous- mostly immobile, connected by strong fibers- skull plates
Synovial- surrounded by a synovial membrane containing synovial fluid
there are 6 subtypes of synovial (ball and socket etc.)- knee, shoulder, hip, etc.
Cartilaginous- vertebrae or pubic symphsis

26
Q

Describe the subdivisions of the skeleton.

A

Appendicular- skeleton of the limbs and what they attach to

Axial- skull, spine, ribs, sacrum/coccyx

27
Q

Largest artery in the body

A

aorta

28
Q

major artery of the neck

A

common carotid

29
Q

major artery of the neck and shoulder

A

subclavian

30
Q

major artery of the axilla (armpit)

A

axillary

31
Q

major artery of the arm

A

brachial

32
Q

lateral major artery of the forearm

A

radial

33
Q

Medial major artery of the forearm

A

ulnar

34
Q

major pelvic artery

A

common iliac

35
Q

major artery of the thigh

A

femoral

36
Q

largest vein of the body; returns blood from the body below the heart

A

inferior vena cava

37
Q

returns blood to heart from body above heart

A

superior vena cava

38
Q

major deep vein of the neck

A

internal jugular

39
Q

major deep vein of the shoulder

A

subclavian

40
Q

major deep vein of the axilla

A

axillary

41
Q

major deep vein of the arm

A

brachial

42
Q

major deep vein of the lateral forearm

A

radial

43
Q

major deep vein of the medial forearm

A

ulnar

44
Q

vein associated with hips and pelvic

A

common iliac

45
Q

major deep vein in the thigh

A

femoral

46
Q

major superficial vein in the neck

A

external jugular

47
Q

superficial vein on the lateral part of the arm

A

cephalic

48
Q

superficial vein on the medial side of the arm

A

basilic

49
Q

major superficial vein of the thigh and leg

A

saphenous

50
Q

Many times veins and arteries are found in tandem. What is this called?

A

venae comitante

51
Q

Sometimes there is more than one vessel to supply or drain a tissue. What are these vessels called?

A

anastomosis

52
Q

Describe collateral circulation

A

alternative routes that for blood flow; paticularly common around joints

53
Q

What is an end artery?

A

It is the only vessel supplying a particular tissue (lack of anastomoses). If blocked, the tissue will die, or necrose.

54
Q

Define ischemia and infarct

A

ischemia: reduced blood flow to a tissue
infarct: the death of cells due to ischemia

55
Q

What are the two broad types of lymphatic tissue?

A

lymph nodes and lymph vessels

56
Q

What is the thoracic duct?

A

Lymph duct that drains lower body and left side of the body (including left side of the head)

57
Q

What is the right lymphatic duct?

A

Drains the right arm and right side of the head

58
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

Divides the body into right and left SIDES. When the plane is straight thru the middle of the body it is the median or midsaggital

Anatomy (5 decks)

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