Back Muscles and Bones Flashcards
Where are the thoracic vertebrae and how many are there?
between cervical and lumbar- 12
Where are the lumbar vertebrae and how many are there?
Below the lumbar- 5
Where is the sacrum? Describe its composition.
Below the lumbar. It has 5 fused vertebrae.
What is the coccyx. Where is it?
The coccyx is at the bottom of the spine and is 3-4 fused vertebrae
What are the 3 main components of the typical vertebrae?
Vertebral arch- process eminating out of body
Vertebral body-
Vertebral foramen
List and describe the features of the vertebral arch
Pedicle- connects vertebral body to transverse process
Transverse process- process that stick out sideways
Lamina- notch between transverse and spinal process
Spinous process- sticks out perpendicular to spinal cord
Superior/Inferior processes- stick out up and down with articular cartilage to allow for articulation between adjacent vertebrae
Superior/Inferior notches- notches on the top and bottom of the pedicle between the vertebral body and superior/inferior processes
What are C1 and C2?
Atlas and axis
Describe the transverse foramens.
Found in all cervical vertebrae except C7, foramen on either side of the body carrying cerebral arteries
Describe the bifid spinous process.
Spinous process characteristic of cervical vertebrae (double tipped)
Describe unicate processes.
A ridge found on the lateral edge of the top of cervical vertebrae bodies.
Describe vertebra prominens
C7 spinous process- large and can be seen at the back of the neck
Characteristics of thoracic vertebrae
long sloping spinous processes and costal facets for articulation with ribs
Characteristics of lumbar vertebrae
Large sturdy vertebral bodies with blunt spinous processes.
Anterior and posterior saccral foramina
holes in the sacrum
Describe the vertebral canal
canal that houses the spinal cord and runs through the intervertebral foramen
Describe the sacrum canal
The vertebral canal as it enters the sacrum. It comes to an end at the saccral hiatus.
Intervertebral foramina
Holes formed through vertebrae by the superior and inferior processes
Symphsis
two bones connected by cartilage- vertebral bodies are connected by symphsis joints,. cartilage that connects is the intervertebral disc
intervertebral disc
cartilage that connects the vertebrae. outer layer of fibrocartilage (anulus fibrosis) and a gelatin core (nucleus pulposus)
facet (zygapophyseal) joints
synovial joints between interior and superior processes that allow vertebrae to articulate with one another
anterior longitudinal ligament
on the anterior of the spine, prevents hyperextension
posterior longitudinal ligament
prevents hyper flexion of the spine