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Physics > Chapters 1 - 8 > Flashcards

Chapters 1 - 8 Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What is accuracy

A

Close to the common or true value

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2
Q

Define precision

A

How close the spread of data is

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3
Q

What is a systematic error

A

It happens with a consistent error in apparatus, reduced by using better equipment

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4
Q

Zero Error

A

When the equipment shows an initial value of 0

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5
Q

Parallax Error

A

Produced when the scale / gauge is read incorrect

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6
Q

Random Error

A

Caused by unknown changes to the apparatus or conditions

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7
Q

Percentage uncertainty

A

(uncertainty/average value)x 100

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8
Q

Vector

A

Quantity with direction and magnitude

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9
Q

Scalar

A

Quantity with only magnitude

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10
Q

Resolving Vectors ( x and y direction )

A 
Fx = F x cos theta
Fy = F x sin theta
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11
Q

Normal Contact Force Equations

A

mg cos theta = perpendicular to slope

mg sin theta =parallel to slope

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12
Q

Moment of a Force

A

Force x perpendicular distance

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13
Q

Principle of moments

A

Sum of clockwise moments = sum of anticlockwise moments

Net force = 0

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14
Q

Couples

A

Pair of equal and opposite forces acting on a body, not in same direction

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15
Q

Torque

A

The moment of a couple

One of forces x Perpendicular distance between forces

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16
Q

Archimedes Principle

A

Upthrust exerted on a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body

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17
Q

Principle of conservation of energy

A

Total energy of a closed system remains constant, energy cannot be created or destoyed.

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18
Q

Hookes Law

A

Extension is directly proportional to force applied, until elastic limit is exceeded.

Force applied = Force constant x extension

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19
Q

Area under force - extension graph

A

Work done

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20
Q

Work done equation

A

Force x Distance

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21
Q

Elastic Potential Energy

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A

1/2 x force x extension.
or
1/2 x force constant x entension^2

22
Q

Tensile Stress

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A

Force / Cross Sectional Area

23
Q

Tensile strain

Study These Flashcards
A

Extension / original length

24
Q

Young Modulus

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A

Tensile stress / tensile strain

FL / Ax

25
Malleable Material
Can be formed into sheets
26
Ductile Material
Can be easily shaped, into wires
27
Strong Material
High ultimate tensile strength
28
Yield Point
The point on a stress - strain graph beyond which the deformation is no longer entirely elastic.
29
Breaking strength equation
Breaking force / cross sectional area
30
Newtons First Law
An object will stay at rest or continue at constant speed unless an external force acts on it
31
Newtons Second Law
The rate of change of the object is proportional to the force acting on it.
32
Newtons Third Law
For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force on another body.
33
Conservation of momentum
For a system of interacting objects, the total momentum remains constant as long as no external forces act on the system
34
Linear Momentum equation
mass x velocity
35
Compare momentum and energy in elastic and inelastic collisions.
In both cases momentum and energy are conserved. | For inelastic collisions kinetic energy is not conserved.
36
Impulse of a force
Force x change in time. | A resultant force causes the object to accelerate.
37
Electric Current
The rate of flow of charge. Amperes (A)
38
Net Charge equation
``` Q = +- ne e = 1.6 x 10 ^-19 ```
39
Convectional Current
It flows from the positive to negative side.
40
Electron Flow
It flows from the negative to positive side.
41
Structure of a metal
Regular crystal structure lattice of + ions Surrounded by a number of free / delocalised electrons Positive ions vibrate around a fixed point
42
Electrolytes
Liquids that can carry electric current
43
What are anions
Positively charged ions
44
What are cations
Negatively charged ions
45
Mean Drift Velocity
The higher the number density, the greater the number of free electrons , the better the conductor. I = anev
46
What is the effect of increasing the cross sectional area of a wire on mean drift velocity
The wider the wire, the lower the drift velocity, current stays the same.
47
If current increases, mean drift velocity ......
Increases, the electrons move faster
48
If the wire is thinner, electrons move....
Faster, same force so electrons move quicker
49
If number density is small, mean drift velocity is
Large, less likely to collide and slow down.
50
Why cant insulators conduct a charge
They don't have enough free electrons to carry a charge

Physics (5 decks)

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