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Physics > Chapters 1 - 8 > Flashcards

Chapters 1 - 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is accuracy

A

Close to the common or true value

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2
Q

Define precision

A

How close the spread of data is

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3
Q

What is a systematic error

A

It happens with a consistent error in apparatus, reduced by using better equipment

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4
Q

Zero Error

A

When the equipment shows an initial value of 0

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5
Q

Parallax Error

A

Produced when the scale / gauge is read incorrect

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6
Q

Random Error

A

Caused by unknown changes to the apparatus or conditions

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7
Q

Percentage uncertainty

A

(uncertainty/average value)x 100

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8
Q

Vector

A

Quantity with direction and magnitude

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9
Q

Scalar

A

Quantity with only magnitude

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10
Q

Resolving Vectors ( x and y direction )

A 
Fx = F x cos theta
Fy = F x sin theta
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11
Q

Normal Contact Force Equations

A

mg cos theta = perpendicular to slope

mg sin theta =parallel to slope

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12
Q

Moment of a Force

A

Force x perpendicular distance

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13
Q

Principle of moments

A

Sum of clockwise moments = sum of anticlockwise moments

Net force = 0

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14
Q

Couples

A

Pair of equal and opposite forces acting on a body, not in same direction

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15
Q

Torque

A

The moment of a couple

One of forces x Perpendicular distance between forces

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16
Q

Archimedes Principle

A

Upthrust exerted on a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body

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17
Q

Principle of conservation of energy

A

Total energy of a closed system remains constant, energy cannot be created or destoyed.

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18
Q

Hookes Law

A

Extension is directly proportional to force applied, until elastic limit is exceeded.

Force applied = Force constant x extension

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19
Q

Area under force - extension graph

A

Work done

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20
Q

Work done equation

A

Force x Distance

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21
Q

Elastic Potential Energy

A

1/2 x force x extension.
or
1/2 x force constant x entension^2

22
Q

Tensile Stress

A

Force / Cross Sectional Area

23
Q

Tensile strain

A

Extension / original length

24
Q

Young Modulus

A

Tensile stress / tensile strain

FL / Ax

25
Q

Malleable Material

A

Can be formed into sheets

26
Q

Ductile Material

A

Can be easily shaped, into wires

27
Q

Strong Material

A

High ultimate tensile strength

28
Q

Yield Point

A

The point on a stress - strain graph beyond which the deformation is no longer entirely elastic.

29
Q

Breaking strength equation

A

Breaking force / cross sectional area

30
Q

Newtons First Law

A

An object will stay at rest or continue at constant speed unless an external force acts on it

31
Q

Newtons Second Law

A

The rate of change of the object is proportional to the force acting on it.

32
Q

Newtons Third Law

A

For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force on another body.

33
Q

Conservation of momentum

A

For a system of interacting objects, the total momentum remains constant as long as no external forces act on the system

34
Q

Linear Momentum equation

A

mass x velocity

35
Q

Compare momentum and energy in elastic and inelastic collisions.

A

In both cases momentum and energy are conserved.

For inelastic collisions kinetic energy is not conserved.

36
Q

Impulse of a force

A

Force x change in time.

A resultant force causes the object to accelerate.

37
Q

Electric Current

A

The rate of flow of charge. Amperes (A)

38
Q

Net Charge equation

A 
Q = +- ne
e = 1.6 x 10 ^-19
39
Q

Convectional Current

A

It flows from the positive to negative side.

40
Q

Electron Flow

A

It flows from the negative to positive side.

41
Q

Structure of a metal

A

Regular crystal structure lattice of + ions
Surrounded by a number of free / delocalised electrons
Positive ions vibrate around a fixed point

42
Q

Electrolytes

A

Liquids that can carry electric current

43
Q

What are anions

A

Positively charged ions

44
Q

What are cations

A

Negatively charged ions

45
Q

Mean Drift Velocity

A

The higher the number density, the greater the number of free electrons , the better the conductor.
I = anev

46
Q

What is the effect of increasing the cross sectional area of a wire on mean drift velocity

A

The wider the wire, the lower the drift velocity, current stays the same.

47
Q

If current increases, mean drift velocity ……

A

Increases, the electrons move faster

48
Q

If the wire is thinner, electrons move….

A

Faster, same force so electrons move quicker

49
Q

If number density is small, mean drift velocity is

A

Large, less likely to collide and slow down.

50
Q

Why cant insulators conduct a charge

A

They don’t have enough free electrons to carry a charge

Physics (5 decks)

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