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Physics > Chapter 9 - 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

Kirchhoff’s First Law

A

Sum of currents entering any junction are always equal to the sum of currents leaving.

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2
Q

Kirchhoff’s Second Law

A

Sum of the EMF in a circuit is equal to the p.d of the components.

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3
Q

Series circuit rules

A

Components connected in one loop.
Current same around whole circuit.
Total p.d is sum of components p.d

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4
Q

Parallel Circuit rules

A

Components connected in different loops
Current is added up at the top of circuit
P.d is same around circuit

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5
Q

Electromotive Force

A

When charges gain energy from power supply.

Work done on charge carriers

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6
Q

Potential Difference

A

Measure of electrical energy

Measures energy loss.

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7
Q

Ohms Law

A

For a metallic conductor kept at constant temperature, the current is directly proportional to the p.d across the ends.

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8
Q

When temperature of wire increases

A

Positive ions gains internal energy and vibrate more
Frequency of collisions increase, resistance increases
More energy transferred when travelling through wire,

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9
Q

3 factors affecting resistance

A

Material of wire
Length of Wire
Cross sectional area

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10
Q

Thermistor

A

Electrical component made from semi conductor with negative temperature co - efficient. As temperature increases, resistance decreases

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11
Q

Resistivity Equation

A

R = pL / A

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12
Q

Internal Resistance

A

When there is a current in the power source, energy is lost which is transferred to heat.
EMF = terminal p.d + lost volts`

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13
Q

Potential Divider Equation

A

V out = (R2/ R1 + R2) x V in

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14
Q

Longitudinal Wave

A

Direction of movement is parallel to transfer of energy direction.

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15
Q

Transverse Waves

A

Direction of movement is perpendicular to transfer of energy direction.

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16
Q

Give examples of transvers waves

A

EM waves
Seismic Waves
Waves of surface of water

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17
Q

Example of longitudinal wave

A

Sound Waves

P - Waves

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18
Q

Define Progressive Waves

A

An oscillation that travels through matter

They all transfer energy

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19
Q

Wave speed equation

A

frequency x wavelength

20
Q

frequency equation

A

1 / time

21
Q

Phase Difference

A

The difference between displacements of particles along a wave.

22
Q

Reflection

A

When a wave changes direction at a boundary.

23
Q

Refraction

A

When a wave changes direction as it changes speed, passing from one medium to another.

24
Q

When wave slows down wavelength…..

A

decreases

25
Q

Diffraction

A

When waves pass through a gap or obstacle the waves will spread out.
Speed, wavelength, frequency remains same.

26
Q

Polarisation

A

When the particles oscillate in only one direction.

Confined to a single plane.

27
Q

Partial Polarisation

A

When transverse waves reflect off a surface, they become partially polarised.

28
Q

Which type of wave is already polarised

A

Longitudinal Wave

29
Q

Intensity

A

The power passing through a surface per unit area.

I = P/A

30
Q

What is intensity proportional to?

A

( Amplitude )^2

31
Q

what is c equal to

A

3 x 10 ^ 8

32
Q

Refractive Index equations ( 3 )

A

n = c / v
n = 1/sin c
n1 sin theta 1 = n2 sin theta2

33
Q

Total Internal Reflection

A

When a light ray strikes a boundary at a larger angle to the normal, it will be totally internally reflected.

34
Q

What are the two conditions for TIR

A

The light must be travelling through a medium with a higher refractive index as it hits the boundary
The angle at which it hits must be higher than the critical angle.

35
Q

Principle of superposition of waves

A

When two or more waves cross at a point, the displacement at that point is equal to the sum of displacements of the individual waves.

36
Q

Constructive interference

A

For two waves in phase, the maximum positive displacements add together.

37
Q

Destructive Interference

A

For two waves in antiphase, the maximum and minimum of each wave form a smaller waves

38
Q

Coherence

A

When waves emitted from two sources have a constant phase difference.
Must have same frequency

39
Q

Path Difference

A

The distance a wave has travelled from its source to any point the wave.
Distance - m

40
Q

Phase Difference

A

The difference between two waves when they pass the same point.
Degrees / Radians

41
Q

Youngs double slit formula

A 
lambda = ax / D  
D = distance from slit to screen
x = width of light ray
a = gap between the slits
42
Q

Stationary Waves

A

Formed when two waves with the same frequency and amplitude traveling towards each other are superposed

43
Q

Node

A

The two waves cross at the middle when displacement is equal to 0

44
Q

Antinode

A

The waves meet at maximum displacement.

45
Q

Energy transfer in progressive waves vs stationary waves

A

Progressive - Energy transferred in the direction of the waves
Stationary - No net energy transfer

46
Q

Wavelength in progressive waves vs stationary waves

A

Progressive - Minimum distance between two adjacent points in phase
Stationary - Twice the distance of two adjacent nodes.

Physics (5 decks)

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