Chapter 14 -18 Flashcards
Triple point
A temperature for a substance at which there is thermal equilibrium. Not net energy transfer.
How do you convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit?
Add 273 to the celius for farenheit.
What is absolute zero
0 Kelvin
Internal energy
The sum of randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of atoms of molecules within a substance.
Factors affecting internal energy ( 3 )
Temperature - Particles move faster so have more kinetic energy.
Pressure and Volume- The closer the particles are to each other the more likely they are to collide.
State - When materials change state, volume will change so p.d will also change
Specific Heat Capacity
The energy required to change 1kg of a substance of temperature by 1 C.
E = mcθ
Specific Latent Heat
The energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without changing its temperature.
E = mL
What is Specific latent heat of fusion
When the substance changes from solid to liquid.
What is Specific latent heat of vaporisation
When the substance changes from liquid to gas
Avagadros Constant
6.02 x 10^23
Equation for No. of atoms
N = n x Na n = number of moles Na = Avagadros Constant
What is a mole
The SI unit for the amount of a substance
5 assumptions for an ideal gas (Short Form)
Large number of atoms with random directions and speed Big container Elastic Collisions Short time collisions No forces between particles
5 assumptions for an ideal gas (Need to learn)
- Gas contains large number of atoms / molecules moving in random directions and speed.
2, Atoms / Molecules occupy a negligible volume compared with volume of gas.
3, The collisions of atoms / molecules is perfectly elastic. - The time of the collisions between atoms / molecules is negligible.
- Electrostatic forces between atoms and molecules negligible except during collisions.
What is the relationship between pressure and volume
They are inversely proportional
What is the relationship between pressure and temperature
They are directly proportional
Equation of combined gas laws
pV / T = constant
Equation for root mean squared speed
pV = 1/3 N m c^2
Angular Velocity (3 equations)
ω = θ/t ω = 2 pi / t ω = 2 pi f
Centripetal acceleration ( 3 equations)
a = v^2 / r a = ω ^2 r v = rω
Centripetal force ( 2 equations)
F = mv^2 / r F = mω^2 r
What is the relationship between volume and temperature?
They are directly proportional
How do you find the number of particles in a substance.
N = n x Na n = Number of moles Na = 6.02 x 10 ^23
What is displacement in oscillation
The distance from equilibrium position
What is amplitude
The maximum displacement from equilibrium position
What is period
The time taken for one complete oscillation
What is frequency
The number of complete oscillations per unit time
Definition of simple harmonic motion
Oscillating motion for which acceleration of the object is directional to the displacement
Formula of SHM
a = -ω^2x
Why is there a minus sign in the equation
Acceleration acts in the opposite direction to the displacement
What equation is used when the pendulum starts at equilibrium
a = A sinωt
What equation is used when the pendulum starts at amplitude
a = A cosωt
Velocity max equation
v = ωA
Velocity equation
v = +- root A^2 - x^2
What is the Potential Energy at equilibrium position and amplitude
It is at 0 at equilibrium and highest at amplitude
What is Kinetic energy at equilibrium position and amplitude
It is highest at equilibrium and lowest at amplitude
What is a free oscillation
The motion of a system displaced from its equilibrium and oscillates without external forces
What is a forced oscilation
An oscillation which a periodic driver is applied to an oscillator
Natural frequency
The frequency of a free oscillation
Damping
An oscillation is damped when an external forces acts on the oscillator which reduces the amplitude of oscillations.
Light and Heavy Damping
Light damping reduces the amplitude by a small amount, almost unnoticed.
Heavy damping drastically changes the amplitude
Resonance
The increase in amplitude of a forced oscillation when the driving frequency matches the natural frequency
