Chapters 1-3 Flashcards
What is History?
Events that have occurred in the past
Give an example of History
Slavery, a war, Lilli’s 10th birthday
Primary Source?
The telling of an event by someone who was actually there. An example is the diary of a slave girl.
Secondary Source?
The telling of an event by someone who gathered the information from other places. An example is an article in the paper by a reporter.
Culture
Knowledge, beliefs, customs, and values of a group of people.
Physical Geography
The study of Earth’s land and features.
Where would Early People settle?
They would settle wherever there were rich resources - like water, fertile soil, and building materials.
Hominid
An early ancestor of humans.
Land Bridge
A strip of land connecting two continents that allowed the Stone Age people to migrate when the ice age came.
How did Tools help early humans?
They made work easier. The spear let them hunt bigger animals from farther away.
How did ways of life change as people migrated?
Migration meant that people had to learn to adapt to new things like colder weather or different plants for food.
What did people need to do for survival when they migrated?
They had to make clothing because it was cold, invent the fish hook to catch food from the water, and build warmer shelters.
How did farming affect the people in Early Cultures?
Farming allowed people to stay in one place because they did not have to follow the animals for food. The began to build cities.
Mesopotamia
A land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Asia.
Where is the Tigris River?
On the NORTHERN border of Mesopotamia.
Where is the Euphrates River?
On the SOUTHERN border of Mesopotamia.
Scribes
Writers hired by the Phoenicians to keep trading records. They used cuneiform before the Alphabet was created.
Phonecians
People in Mesopotamia who became great SAILORS because travel on their land was so hard. They developed the first ABC’s.
Phoenician Alphabet
The first time that a set of letters (not pictures) were combined to form words.
Canals
Human-made water “rivers” used to bring water to the fields.
Rivers
Useful to all civilizations because it provides water for food, transportation, and you get fertile soil after flooding.
Irrigation
A way to supply water to an area of land for farming - may be canals, pipes, or in modern days it’s a sprinkler.
Ziggurat
A pyramid shaped temple that was in the middle of Sumerian cities.
Where was Mesopotamia?
Mesopotamia is between the TIGRIS and EUPHRATES rivers between Asia Minor and the Persian Gulf.
How were scribes treated?
The got treated well because not everyone knew how to write. They could move up in social class.
How did trade affect the Sumerians?
They got wealthy. They developed the alphabet to keep track of trade records.
