Chapters 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

A

Behaviorism

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2
Q

historically important perspective that emphasized human growth potential

A

Humanistic Psychology

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3
Q

the study of mental processes, such as occur when we perceive, learn, remember, thing, communicate, and solve problems

A

Cognitive psychology

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4
Q

The science of behavior and mental processes

A

Psychology

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5
Q

relative influence of genes and experience in the development of psychological traits and behaviors.

A

Nature-Nurture

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6
Q

the tendency to believe after learning an outcome, that we could have predicted it. ( I knew it all along)

A

hindsight bias

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7
Q

enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading information.

A

testing effect

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8
Q

a nerve cell; the basic building blocks of the nervous system

A

Neuron

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9
Q

neuron extensions that receive messages and conduct them toward the cell body

A

dendrites

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10
Q

the neuron extension that receive messages to other neurons or to muscles and glands.

A

axon

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11
Q

the junction between the axon tip of a sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of a receiving neuron.

A

synapse

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12
Q

cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons;they also play a role in learning, thinking, and memory

A

glial cells (glia)

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13
Q

the level of stimulation required to trigger a neutral impulse.

A

threshold

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14
Q

in a neural processing a brief resting pause that occurs after a neuron has fired

A

Refractory period

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15
Q

a neurons reaction of either firing or not firing

A

All-or-none response

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16
Q

neuron-produced chemicals that cross the synaptic gap to carry messages to other neurons

A

neurotransmitters

17
Q

a neurotransmitter’s reabsorption by the sending neuron

18
Q

The brains sensory control center

19
Q

the little brain

A

cerebellum

20
Q

linked to emotion

21
Q

linked with emotion and reward

A

hypothalamus

22
Q

linked with memories of facts and events

A

hippocampus

23
Q

information- processing center

24
Q

the portion of the cerebral just behind forehead. Involved with speaking, making plans and judgements

A

frontal lobes

25
included areas that receive information from the ears
temporal lobes
26
controls voluntary movements
motor cortex
27
a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change
developmental psychology
28
a period early in life when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences is needed for proper development
critical period
29
the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view
egocentrism
30
people's ideas about their own and other's mental states
Theory of mind
31
the transition period from childhood to adulthood
adolescence
32
research in which people of different ages are compared with one another
cross- sectional study
33
research in which the same people are restided and retested over a long period
longitudinal study
34