Chapter 4-7

Question 1

a condition present at birth; possessing biological sexual characteristics of both sexes

Answer 1

intersex

Question 2

the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

Answer 2

Social learning theory

Question 3

the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies form our environment

Answer 3

Sensation

Question 4

the process by which our Brian organized and interprets sensory information, transforming it into meaningful objects and events.

Answer 4

perception

Question 5

analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory information.

Answer 5

Bottom-up processing

Question 6

information processing guided by higher- level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations

Answer 6

top- down processing.

Question 7

a mental predisposition to [receive on thing and not the other

Answer 7

perceptual set

Question 8

the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into meaningful groups

Answer 8

grouping

Question 9

the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

Answer 9

kinesthesia

Question 10

the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance.

Answer 10

vestibular sense

Question 11

the process of acquiring through experience, new and relatively enduring information or behaviors

Answer 11

learning

Question 12

learning that certain events occur together

Answer 12

associative learning

Question 13

behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus

Answer 13

respondent behavior

Question 14

a type of learning in which we learn to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events

Answer 14

classical conditioning

Question 15

in classical conditioning, an a learned, naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus

Answer 15

unconditioned response

Question 16

in classical conditioning, an stimulus that unconditionally triggers a response

Answer 16

unconditioned stimulus

Question 17

in classical conditioning, a learned response to previously neutral stimulus

Answer 17

Conditioned response

Question 18

in classical conditioning, and originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response.

Answer 18

conditioned stimulus

Question 19

a type of learning in which a behavior becomes more probable if followed by a reinforcer or is diminished if followed by a punisher

Answer 19

operant conditioning

Question 20

in operant conditioning any event that strengthens the behavior it follows

Answer 20

reinforcement