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BIO233 > Chapterer 9 > Flashcards

Chapterer 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Articulations (what are they)

A

when body movement occurs at JOINTS(ARTICULATIONS) here 2 bones connect.

Disclaimer - movement not pre-req to be considered joint

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2
Q

Joint Structure (what does it determine )

A

Determines direction and distance of movement (range of motion)
- Joint strength decreases as mobility increases

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3
Q

Functional joint classifications (what are they)

A

Synarthrosis: no movement
Amphiarthrosis: little movement
Diarthrosis: (aka synovial) -more movement

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4
Q

Synarthroses(characteristics and types)

A
  • very strong
  • edges of bones may touch or interlock
    4 Types:
  • suture
  • gomphosis
  • synchondrosis
  • synostosis
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5
Q

Sutures

A

Bones interlock
are bound by dense fibrous connective tissue
are found ONLY in the skull

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6
Q

Gomphosis

A

Tooth in bone
Fibrous connection
Binds teeth to sockets

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7
Q

Synchondrosis(No-movement)

A

Is a rigid cartilaginous bridge between 2 bones:
- Epiphyseal cartilage of long bone
- between vertebrosternal ribs and sternum

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8
Q

Synostosis

A

Fused bones, immoveable:
- metopic suture of skull
-Epiphyseal lines of long bones (when 25)

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9
Q

Amphiarthroses

A

More moveable than synarthrosis
stronger than freely movable joints
DOESNT provide notable movement (still moves though)

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10
Q

what are the 2 types of Amphiarthroses ?

A

Syndesmosis: Tibula & fibula
- bones connected by ligaments
Symphysis: pubic symphysis & fibro integral die
- bones seperated by fibrocartilage

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11
Q

Synovial Joints (Diarthroses) what is it also called

A

also called moveable joints
end sod long bones
within Articular Capsules
lined with synovial membrane

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12
Q

Articular Cartilages

A

Pad articulating surfaces within articular capsules:
- prevent bones form touching
Smooth surfaces lubricated by synovial fluid:
- reduce friction

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13
Q

what are the functions of Synovial Fluid?

A
  1. Lubrication
  2. Nutrient distribution
  3. shock absorption
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14
Q

Flexion

A

Bending, decreasing angle of a join
flexion on (straighten)
extension is increasing the angle of the joint

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15
Q

Abduction

A

moving body part away from body

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16
Q

Adduction

A

moving body part towards body

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17
Q

Rotation

A

ex rotation of forearm
- supination is Anatomical position
- pronation is posterior position

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18
Q

Inversion & Eversion

A

Inversion (foot) right foot - big toe goes left(twists sole of foot medially)
Eversion right foot - pinky goes out to right(twists sole of foot laterally)

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19
Q

Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion

A

Dorsiflexion (ankle flexion) moving up (lifting toe)
Plantar flexion (ankle extension) like flooring car pushing down(pointing toe)

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20
Q

Opposition

A

Thumb movement toward fingers or palm(grasping)

21
Q

Protraction and retraction

A

Protraction is chin out
Retraction is head back

22
Q

Elevation and Depression

A

Depression is mouth open
Elevation is mouth closed

23
Q

Lateral Flexion

A

Bends vertebral column from side to side

24
Q

what are classification of Synovial Joints by shape?

A

Gliding
Hinge
pivot
ellipsoidal
saddle
Ball and socket

25
Gliding joints examples and what it does
Least amount movement (nonaxial) Example: acromioclavicular and claviculosternal joints
26
Hinge joints examples and what it does
Angular motion in a single plane(monomial) examples - elbow joint knee joint ankle joint
27
Pivot Joints examples and what it does
Rotation only (monaxial) examples - atlas/axis (c1/c2)
28
Ellipsoidal Joints examples and what it does
Oval auricular face within a depression Motion in 2 planes (biaxial) examples: radoiocarpal joint
29
Saddle Joints examples and what it does
2 concave faces, straddled (biaxial) - examples first carpometacarpal aka thumb joint
30
Ball and socket joint examples and what it does
Round articular face in a depression (triaxial) examples - shoulder joint, hip joint
31
Intervertebral Articulations
C2 to L5 spinal vertebrae articulate: - at interior and superior articular processes (gliding joints) - between adjacent vertebral bodies (symphyseal joints) Anulus fibrosus & nucleus pulposus }INTERVERTEBRAL DISC
32
Disc Structure
- Anulus fibrosus: - tough outer layer - attaches disc to vertebrae nucleus pulposus: - elastic, gelatinous core - absorbs shocks
33
Damage to intervertebral discs (two types )
Bulging disc: - budgie in annulus fibrosus - invades vertebral canal Herniated disc: - nucleus pulposus breaks through annulus fibrosus presses on spinal cord or nerves (it hits)
34
The shoulder joint (what does it do and other name for it)
also called glenohumeral joint - allows more motion than any other joint - is the least stable - supported by skeletal muscles, tendons, and ligaments
35
Shoulder muscles
also called rotator cuff: - supraspinatus - infraspinatus - subscapularis - teres minor
36
3 muscle groups
Quadriceps(anterior thigh): rectus femoris, vastus mediolis, vastus intermediairs, vastus lateralis Hamstrings(posterior thigh): Biceps femoris, Semitendonos, semimembranosus
37
The elbow joint
A stable hinge joint with articulations between humerus radius, and ulna
38
Articulations of the Elbow
Humeroulnar Joint: - largest articulation - trochlea of humerus and trochlear blotch of ulna - limited movement Humeroradial joint: - smaller articulation - capitulum of humerus and head of radius
39
The hip joint(what it is and structures )
also called coxal joint strong ball-and-socket- diarthrosis wide range of motion head of femur fits into it socket of acetabulum which is extended by fibrocartilage acetabular labrum
40
The knee joint
a complicated hinge joint transfers weight from femur to tibia 2 femur-tibia articulations: -at medial and lateral condyles - 1 between patella and patellar surface of femur
41
Menisci on the Knee
medial and lateral menisci: - fibrocartilage pads - at femur-tibia articulation - cushion and stabilize joint - give lateral support
42
Rheumatism(what is it)
a pain and stiffness of skeletal and muscular systems
43
Arthritis(what is it)
All forms of rheumatism that damage articular cartilages of synovial joints
44
Osteoarthritis
Caused by wear and tear of joint surfaces, trauma, or genetic factors affecting collagen formation Generalyl in people over age of 60
45
Osteoarthritis
Caused by wear and tear of joint surfaces, trauma, or genetic factors affecting collagen formation Generally in people over age of 60
46
Osteoarthritis
Caused by wear and tear of joint surfaces, trauma, or genetic factors affecting collagen formation Generally in people over age of 60
47
Rheumatoid Arthritis
An inflammatory condition Caused by infection, allergy, or autoimmune disease involves the immune system
48
Gouty Arthritis
Occurs when crystals (uric acid or calcium salts) - form within synovial fluid - due to metabolic disorders

BIO233 (4 decks)

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