Chapter8 Flashcards
What are the major components of emotions?
Physiological change, subjective feeling, appraisal, and readiness for action.
What is emotional competence?
The ability to understand, express, and regulate your own emotions and respond to others’ emotions.
What emotions are considered innate?
Interest, joy, sadness, anger, disgust, and fear.
What are social emotions?
Complex emotions that emerge later, like shame, guilt, pride, and embarrassment.
How do basic and complex emotions develop?
Basic emotions appear in infancy; complex emotions develop in toddlerhood with self-awareness.
What is the evolutionary role of emotions?
Positive emotions promote bonding and learning; negative emotions help with protection and survival.
What is emotion regulation?
Controlling the intensity and duration of emotional responses to meet goals.
What predicts emotion regulation?
Attachment, adult modeling, emotional coaching, and emotional expression in the home.
What are problem-focused coping strategies?
Trying to change the situation causing the stress.
What are emotion-focused coping strategies?
Trying to change your emotional response to the situation.
What are less constructive coping strategies children use?
Avoidance, denial, aggression.
What are more constructive coping strategies children use?
Distraction, seeking help, reappraisal, relaxation.
What does strong emotion regulation predict?
Academic success, social competence, and fewer emotional disorders.
What is emotional dissemblance?
Faking or hiding emotions to be socially acceptable.
What are the age trends in emotion regulation?
Improves with age; toddlers rely on caregivers, children develop strategies, adolescents face more stress.
What is internalizing behavior?
Turning emotions inward, like anxiety, depression, or withdrawal.
What is externalizing behavior?
Expressing emotions outwardly, like aggression or defiance.
What is the prevalence of depression and anxiety in youth?
Rare in infancy, increases in adolescence, more common in females.
What are the symptoms of depression?
Sadness, withdrawal, poor concentration, sleep changes, irritability.
What are the symptoms of anxiety?
Excessive worry, restlessness, physical symptoms, fear.
What predicts emotional regulation ability?
Attachment, adult coaching, emotional conversations, and discipline.
What is affective perspective taking?
Understanding and perceiving others’ emotions.
What is empathy?
Feeling what another person is feeling.
What is social referencing?
Looking at others’ emotional reactions to decide how to respond.
What are the age trends in perspective taking?
Improves with age; infants mimic emotions, children take perspectives, adolescents understand complexity.
What is emotion contagion?
Catching the emotions of others, like one child crying and others joining.
What is victim-centered discipline?
Discipline that helps children understand how their actions affect others.
How does gender affect emotional understanding?
Girls tend to be better at reading emotions and showing empathy.
How does culture affect emotional understanding?
Facial expressions are universal, but expression and interpretation of emotions may vary.
What are the predictors of understanding others’ emotions?
Emotion regulation, attachment, family expression, and emotion talk.
What are some ways teachers can help with emotion regulation?
Talk about emotions, model regulation, create a positive climate, and help depressed/anxious students.
