Chapter7 Flashcards
What is self-control?
The ability to inhibit impulses, obey rules, ignore distractions, delay gratification, and stay focused on tasks.
Is self-control stable over time?
Yes, it’s relatively stable, but can vary depending on the situation or context.
What is delayed gratification?
Resisting an immediate reward for a more valuable reward later.
How can delayed gratification be increased?
Remove temptations, teach distraction techniques, model patience, and provide encouragement.
Why is delayed gratification important?
It predicts academic achievement, emotional regulation, better relationships, and fewer behavior problems.
What predicts individual differences in self-control?
Cognitive abilities, attachment, practice, religiosity, and parental monitoring.
How does collectivism relate to self-control?
Collectivist cultures promote self-discipline for group harmony; more emphasis on self-control.
How does individualism relate to self-control?
Individualist cultures value independence and personal freedom; may emphasize self-expression over self-control.
How can teachers encourage self-control?
Reduce distractions, use positive reinforcement, schedule tasks early in the day, model calm behavior.
What is discipline?
Strategies used to promote appropriate behavior and internal self-regulation.
What is committed compliance?
When children internalize values and follow rules willingly.
What is situational compliance?
When children follow rules only under external pressure.
What is induction?
A discipline method that explains rules and consequences, promoting internalization.
What is psychological control?
A discipline method using guilt or withdrawal of love; linked to anxiety and low self-confidence.
What is power assertion?
Discipline using threats, control, or punishment; leads to resentment and aggression.
What are principles of effective discipline?
Use positive tone, be consistent, use minimal power needed, and aim for internalization.
What are some school discipline disparities?
Marginalized students are more likely to be punished harshly due to bias or misunderstandings.
How can teachers/parents improve self-control through discipline?
Build warm relationships, set clear expectations, model emotional regulation, and use consistent discipline.
What is behavior modification?
Reinforcing behavior through positive feedback, shaping, clear goals, and consistent reinforcement.
What discipline practices should teachers avoid?
Avoid removing learning, using negative messages, or reinforcing bad behavior.
What are the four parenting styles?
Authoritative, Authoritarian, Indulgent, Indifferent.
Which parenting style has the best outcomes?
Authoritative: high warmth and control.
How does ethnicity influence parenting styles?
In some cultures, authoritarian parenting is seen as caring, so its effects are less negative.
