Chapter5 Flashcards
Main tissues of the bone
1 Dense ct
2 cartilage tissue
3 osseous tissue
4 adipose tissue
5 nervous tissue
Microscopic structure of bone
Osteoblasts
Osteoprogenitors
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
How to differentiate between a compact and a spongy bone
Compact has osteons
Spongy has trabeculae
Short bones
Carpals
Tarsals
Flat bones
Sternum
Ribs
Scapula
Skull bones
Hipbone
Intramembraneous ossification ( quick ossification) imagine a beheaded child
Skull bones
Clavicle
Facial bones
Endochondral ossification ( the rest of the body like in the middle line without the head)
Skull base
Hip
Vertebral column
Th Skelton is consisted of 206 bones
Axial 80 bones
Appendicular Skelton 126 bones
Axial Skelton ( midline)
Skull
Hyoid bone
Vertebral column
Bony thorax( ribs and sternum )
Skull bones
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Etmoid
Sphenoid
Facial bones
Maxillary
Palatine
Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Nasal
Inferior choncae
Vomer
Mandible
The smaller cavities
Middle and inner ear cavity
Nasal cavity
Orbits
Air filled sinuses
Skull sutures
Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoid
Occipitomastoid
Paranasal air sinuses
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoidal
Maxillary
Hyoid bone
Movable base for tongue
Attachment sites for muscle
Vertebral column
26 bones
Transmits the weight of trunk to the lower limbs
Attachment sites for muscles of neck and back
Protect the spinal cord
Vertebral column is held in place by
Ligaments
Synovial joint
Intervertebral discs
Parts of the vertebral column
Cervivle(7) breakfast at 7 am happy face shaped
Thoracic(12) lunch at 12 pm
Lumbar(5) dinner at 5 pm has a square body
Sacrum( 5 fused vertebrae)
Coccyx ( 3-4 fused vertebrae)
Vertebrae constituents
Body
Spinous process
Processes
Processes in the vertebrae
2 transverse processes
One spinous process
Four articular processes
Intervertebral discs
Cushion like pads
Composed of nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosis
Normal curvatures
Cervicle, and lumbar concave posteriorly
Thoracic, and sacral convex posteriorly
Abnormal curvature
Scoliosis
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Rib cage components
Thoracic vertebrae
Sternum
Ribs
Ribs
True ribs(1-7)
False ribs(8-10)
Floating ribs(11,12) not attached to sternum
Sternum (sword shape)
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
Nose
Cartilage
Fibrous ct
Bone remodeling( only chondoblasts, chondrocytes)
Involves bone
resorption (removal of
mineral and collagen
fibers) by Osteoclasts
and new bone
deposition (addition
od new collagen and
minerals to the
matrix) by Osteoblasts
Hormonal regulation of bone growth
1 GH: : produced by the pituitary gland
Stimulates epiphyseal plates
• Thyroid & parathyroid hormones – ensures that the skeleton retains
proper proportions
• Sex hormones
Promote bone growth
Later induces closure of epiphyseal plates
