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Medi 101 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Inclusion body in fat cells

A

Lipid droplets

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2
Q

Inclusion body in respiratory system

A

Mucus

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3
Q

Inclusion body in muscles and liver

A

Glycogen

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4
Q

Inclusion body in skin and hair cells

A

Melanin

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5
Q

Plasma membrane, transport processes

A

1 active process
2 passive process(diffusion)

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6
Q

Passive process

A

1 simple diffusion
2 facilitated diffusion(carrier, transporter)
3 osmosis

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7
Q

Active processes

A

1 active process(primary and secondary)
2 endocytosis
3 exocytosis( phagocytosis, receptor mediated)

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8
Q

Plasma membrane is impermeable for?

A

Charged molecules, ions

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9
Q

Golgi apparatus has flattened vesicles called

A

Cisternae

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10
Q

Lysosomes have digestive enzymes called

A

Hydrolases

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11
Q

Lysosomes execute cell’s death

A

Apoptosis

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12
Q

Lysosomes get rid of the worn out organelles. This process is called

A

Autophagy

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13
Q

Proteasomes play ac crucial role in …

A

Degrade faulty, unneeded cytoplasmic proteins
Maintaining cell’s cellular health
Regulate other cellular processes

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14
Q

Inner mitochondrial membrane consist of folds called…

A

Cristae

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15
Q

Functions of mitochondria

A

1 generate ATP through aerobic cellular respiration
2 plays a role in apoptosis

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16
Q

Functions of the cytoskeleton

A

1 move organelles in the cells
2 maintain cell’s shape

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17
Q

Function and location of centrosome

A

1 important for the cell’s division
2 close to nucleus

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18
Q

Why is the function of cilia , and where does it found

A

Moving fluid
Found in the trachea to sweep mucus
, and fallopian tubes (oviduct ) to Move eggs to the uterus

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19
Q

Nucleic acids are responsible for

A

Storage, expression. Transmission of genetic information

20
Q

Nitrogenous bases

A

1 pyrimidines T,C
2 purines A,G

21
Q

Enzyme responsible for the DNA transcription

A

RNA polymerase enzyme

22
Q

Plasma membrane contains cholesterol for

A

Structural support

23
Q

Substance transported throu simple diffusion

A

, non polar molecules, hydrophobic molecules: oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide. Fatty acids, fat soluble vitamins, steroids

24
Q

Substances transported through facilitated diffusion

A

Charged, polar solutes: glucose, galactose, fructose. Ions and vitamins

25
Q

Name of the water channel

A

Aquaporin

26
Q

Substances transported through active transport

A

Polar,charged molecules
NA+,K+,H+,
CL-,I-
Ca2+

27
Q

Substances transported through exocytosis

A

Bacteria
Viruses
Antibodies
Aged/dead cells
Vitamins
Hormones

28
Q

Solutes and nutrients in the cytoplasm

A

Vitamins
Minerals
Proteins
Enzymes
Ions
Nucleotides
Amino acids

29
Q

Role of smooth ER

A

1 synthesis of steroids and lipids (estrogen, cholesterol, testosterone)
2 ca 2+ storage and release
3 carbohydrate metabolism
4 detoxification

30
Q

Golgi apparatus function

A

Modify proteins , lipids and other macromolecules
Then sorts them into vesicles

31
Q

The proteasomes recycle cytoplasmic proteins and turn them in to

A

Amino acids
Small peptides
And turn it back to the cytosol

32
Q

Functions of lysosomes

A

Execute apoptosis
Carry out autophage
Fuses with digest substances (phagocytes)

33
Q

Cytoskeleton has 3 types of fibers

A

1 microfillament(actin )
2 intermediate
3 microtubules (large diameter)

34
Q

Nucleosomes

A

Bead like structure of histones
Forms the chromatin

35
Q

Nucleotides

A

DNA consists of polynucleotides and a double helix
Consist of:
Nitrogenous base
Phosphate group
Deoxyribose sugar

36
Q

Functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

1 release, and storage of calcium
2 carbohydrate, metabolism
3 detoxification of harmful substances
4 synthesis of lipids and steroids

37
Q

The three types of fibers that the cytoskeleton is made of

A

1microfillament
2 intermediate fillament
3 microtubule

38
Q

Substances transported through carrier mediated facilitated diffusion

A

Glucose, amino acids

39
Q

Substances transport through simple diffusion

A

Steroids, lipids

40
Q

Hypotonic solution causes

A

Homolysis

41
Q

What happens in the hypertonic solution?

A

Crenation

42
Q

What is the function of the junctions and what are the three types of it?

A

For communicating and connection
1 tight(impermeable) jun
2 gap(communicating)
3 dismosomes( anchoring)

43
Q

Tight junction function

A

Does an allows substances to enter between the cells
Predominant in kidney , small intestine, stomach

44
Q

Desomosomes junction function

A

Allow for stress relief
Predominant in cardiac cells and epidermis

45
Q

Gap junction function

A

For communicating
Predominant in muscle cells like cardiac cells , and in neurons

Medi 101 (6 decks)

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