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Abnormal Psychology > chapter3 DSM > Flashcards

chapter3 DSM Flashcards

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1
Q

diagnosis

A

identification of the nature of the disorder

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2
Q

clinical assessment

A

the process of obtaining relevant information and making a judgment about mental illness based on the information

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3
Q

diagnostic classification system

A

-Predicts the disorder’s future course

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4
Q

3 benefits of classification systems

A

1) patients to be able to put a name to their experiences and to learn that they are not alone;

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5
Q

classification system drawbacks

A

(1) They can be subject to diagnostic bias—perhaps on the basis of the patient’s sex@ race@ or ethnicity; and

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6
Q

diagnostic bias

A

a systematic error in diagnosis

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7
Q

reliability

A

A property of classification systems (or measures) that consistently produce the same results.

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8
Q

problems from reliability come from two main reasons

A

the criteria for disorders are unclear

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9
Q

Validity

A

A property of classification systems (or measures) that actually characterize what they are supposed to characterize.

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10
Q

prognosis

A

The likely course and outcome of a disorder.

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11
Q

prevalence

A

number of ppl who have the disorder

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12
Q

incidence

A

number of new cases identified in a given period

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13
Q

ICD

A

international classification of diseases

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14
Q

DSM-5

A

the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders@ Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

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15
Q

how was the dsm 3 different

A

did not rest on the psychodynamic theory

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16
Q

Comorbidity

A

the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual

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17
Q

22 categories of mental disorders

A

Neurodevelopmental DisordersSchizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic DisordersBipolar and Related DisordersDepressive DisordersAnxiety DisordersObsessive-Compulsive and Related DisordersTrauma- and Stressor-Related DisordersDissociative DisordersSomatic Symptom and Related DisordersFeeding and Eating DisordersElimination DisordersSleep-Wake DisordersSexual DysfunctionsGender DysphoriaDisruptive@ Impulse Control@ and Conduct DisordersSubstance-Related and Addictive DisordersNeurocognitive DisordersPersonality DisorderswParaphilic DisordersOther Mental DisordersMedication-Induced Movement Disorders and Other Adverse Effects of MedicationOther Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention

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18
Q

unscientific

A

NIMH

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19
Q

how is the dsm 5 unscientific

A

Proposed diagnoses and criteria were not adequately field-tested

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20
Q

clinical psychologist

A

A mental health professional who has a doctoral degree that requires several years of related coursework and several years of treating patients while receiving supervision from experienced clinicians.

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21
Q

counseling psychologist

A

A mental health professional who has either a Ph.D. degree from a psychology program that focuses on counseling or an Ed.D. degree from a school of education.

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22
Q

psychiatrist

A

A mental health professional who has an M.D. degree and has completed a residency that focuses on mental disorders.

23
Q

psychiatric nurse

A

A mental health professional who has an M.S.N. degree@ plus a C.S. certificate in psychiatric nursing.

24
Q

social worker

A

A mental health professional who has an M.S.W. degree and may have had training to provide psychotherapy to help individuals and families.

25
Q

Hare’s Psychopathy Checklist

A

interpersonal features

26
Q

is diagnosis helpful

A

One argument for the use of diagnosis is that if people with common symptoms can be grouped together@ then perhaps some common experience in their lives may also be found that explains their functioning. In addition@ diagnostic categories facilitate communication—that is@ a single word can convey symptoms@ treatment@ and prognosis.

27
Q

two main approaches for diagnosis

A

categorical and

28
Q

three main categories that underlie neuropsychosocial model

A

neurological and other biological factors (i.e.@ the structure and functioning of brain and body)@

29
Q

four main methods

A

structural brain imaging

30
Q

structural brain imaging

A

provides information about the basic structure of the brain and allows clinicians or researchers to see abnormalities in brain structure

31
Q

CT scan

A

A neuroimaging technique that uses X-rays to build a three-dimensional image (CT or CAT scan) of the brain.

32
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging

A

A neuroimaging technique that creates especially sharp images of the brain by measuring the magnetic properties of atoms in the brain.

33
Q

functional brain imaging

A

fmri

34
Q

PET scan

A

A neuroimaging technique that measures blood flow (or energy consumption) in the brain and requires introducing a very small amount of a radioactive substance into the bloodstream.

35
Q

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

A

A neuroimaging technique that uses MRI to obtain images of brain functioning@ which reveal the extent to which different brain areas are activated during particular tasks.

36
Q

neuropsychological testing

A

The employment of assessment techniques that use behavioral responses to test items in order to draw inferences about brain functioning.

37
Q

neurotransmitter and hormos

A

used mainly in research

38
Q

3 types

A

A meeting between clinician and patient during which the clinician asks questions related to the patient’s symptoms and functioning.

39
Q

behavior and its four categories

A

appearance

40
Q

patient self report

A

Thus@ the patient’s own report of his or her experiences is a crucial part of the clinical assessment.

41
Q

Malingering

A

Intentional false reporting of symptoms or exaggeration of existing symptoms@ either for material gain or to avoid unwanted events.

42
Q

factitious disorder

A

A psychological disorder marked by the false reporting or inducing of medical or psychological symptoms in order to receive attention

43
Q

semistructured interview

A

An interview in which questions are posed in a standardized yet flexible way.

44
Q

main advantage to unstructured interview

A

allows clinicaiton to pursue issues and topics specific to the patient

45
Q

cognitive assessment

A

measures how well an individual solves problems@ interprets information and recalls information

46
Q

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

A

verbal comprehension (i.e.@ the ability to understand verbal information);

47
Q

personality assessment inventories

A

in order to assess general personality functioning@ a clinician may use an -inventory—

48
Q

most common inventory used

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

49
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

A

the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use)@ this test is now used for many other screening purposes.

50
Q

projective tests: TAT & Rorschach

A

A tool for personality assessment in which the patient is presented with ambiguous stimuli (such as inkblots or stick figures) and is asked to make sense of and explain them.

51
Q

Three social factors to assess

A

family functioning

52
Q

family adaptability and cohesion scale

A

how mental illness affects family dynamics

53
Q

assessment as an interactive process

A

Mental health researchers and clinicians learn about patients from assessing psychological and social factors and@ to a lesser extent@ neurological and other biological factors. Information about each type of factor should not be considered in isolation but rather should influence how the clinician understands the other types of information.

Abnormal Psychology (4 decks)

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