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chapter28 Flashcards

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1
Q

troposphere

A

a layer extending am average of 12 km above earth’s surface

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2
Q

temperature inversion

A

occurs when air temperature increases with altitude and the air becomes stable

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3
Q

greenhouse effect

A

is a natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as the absorb and emit infrared radiation

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4
Q

how are the atmosphere be divided into layers

A

differences in composition and temperature

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5
Q

what gas makes up the majority of the atmosphere

A

nitrogen

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6
Q

what gas makes up 21 percent of the atmosphere

A

oxygen

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7
Q

what is the remaining 1 percent remaining gases in the earth’s atmosphere

A

trace gases and argon

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8
Q

does altitude increase or decrease in the troposphere

A

decrease

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9
Q

how many layers are in the earth’s atmosphere

A

5

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10
Q

what are the layers called of the atmosphere closet from furthest

A

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere,, thermosphere, exosphere

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11
Q

what layer is the o-zone layer found in

A

stratosphere

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12
Q

within the mesosphere does the temperature increase or decrease

A

decrease

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13
Q

does the thermosphere and exosphere effect the weather

A

no

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14
Q

how much solar radiation does the earth absorb

A

50 percent

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15
Q

how much radiation is reflected by land and sea surface

A

5 percent

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16
Q

how much radiation is absorbed by particles

A

20 percent

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17
Q

how much radiation reflected back by clouds

A

25 percent

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18
Q

what are the three basic clouds types

A

stratus, cumulus and and cirris

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19
Q

describe stratus

A

layered sheet like clouds associated with rain

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20
Q

describe cumulus

A

fluffy

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21
Q

describe cirrus

A

wispy high altitude clouds

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22
Q

what is the process called where water moves from the land to the atmosphere

A

water cycle

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23
Q

jet stream

A

is a narrow band of fast moving, high altitude air

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24
Q

Coriolis effect

A

the apparent deflection of an object due to earth’s rotation

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25
Q

air mass

A

is a large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout

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26
Q

weather front

A

air mass interact in zones

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27
Q

how many jet streams are there in the world

A

4

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28
Q

how many pressure systems

A

2

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29
Q

a low pressure system is known as

A

a low L

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30
Q

which way does a air flow of a low pressure system

A

counterclockwise

31
Q

what are the results of a low pressure system

A

causes the air to rise which results in cloud formation and precipitation

32
Q

what is a high pressure system known as

A

a high H

33
Q

which way does a high pressure system rotate

A

clockwise

34
Q

what are the results of a high pressure system

A

causes the air to sink which results in clear skies

35
Q

how is a cold front created

A

cold air forces warm air up

36
Q

how are warm fronts created

A

warm air rises gently above cold air

37
Q

how are warm fronts represented

A

red semi cirlce

38
Q

how are stationary fronts created

A

cold and warm air masses meet

39
Q

maritime climate

A

a climate that is strongly affected by an ocean

40
Q

continental climate

A

a climate that is not directly affected by an ocean

41
Q

sea breeze

A

blows from over the water toward land in the afternoon

42
Q

what is climate

A

is the climate long term average of weather conditions

43
Q

what is weather

A

is the day to day outside condition

44
Q

what are the 5 spheres that make up the earth’s system

A

atmosphere, biosphere, cryposphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere

45
Q

what is the atmosphere

A

the air around us

46
Q

what is biosphere

A

everything organic

47
Q

what is hydrosphere

A

liquid water

48
Q

what is troposphere

A

frozen water in snow, ice, and glaciers

49
Q

what is lithosphere

A

earth’s outermost layer

50
Q

what is the primary factor that affect climate of any given location

A

latitude

51
Q

where is solar radiation most intense

A

equator

52
Q

at what angles do thy sun raise hit thy tropical zone

A

90 degrees

53
Q

what angle sun rays hit the temperate zone

A

45 degrees

54
Q

what angel does the sun rays hit the polar zone

A

30 degrees

55
Q

what factors determine climate

A

mountain precipitation and water

56
Q

on the windward side what are the conditions like

A

cool and wet lots of vegetation

57
Q

what are the conditions like on the leeward side

A

warm and dry little vegetation dry air

58
Q

what is land breeze

A

the wind comes from the land and goes to the water at night

59
Q

what type of climate zone and vegetation does Lamar have

A

warm and semi arid and grassland

60
Q

global warming

A

earth’s surface ocean

61
Q

el nino

A

warming the pacific

62
Q

la nina

A

oppiste of el nino which occurs when trade winds in the pacific are usually strong and surface water is colder

63
Q

what are the two changes that earth’s climate under goes

A

seasonal and long-term changes

64
Q

how do seasonal changes change

A

as the earth moves around the sun

65
Q

what hemisphere experiences summer

A

the hemisphere tilted towards the sun

66
Q

how long did the earth reach it current pattern

A

3,000 year ago

67
Q

what factors could prevent a climate change

A

earths tilt and the distance from the sun

68
Q

time zone

A

is an area 15 degrees wide in which the time is the same

69
Q

rotation

A

is the spinning of earth on its axis

70
Q

revolution

A

is the motion if earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun

71
Q

ecliptic

A

is defined as the plane of earth’s orbit around the sun

72
Q

solstice

A

occurs when earth’s rotational axis is toward orway

73
Q

equinox

A

earth’s rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn form the center of the earth to the center of the sun

physical science (8 decks)

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