chapter 26.2 Flashcards
define rock
A rock is a naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and
volcanic glass
how are rocks identified
by their composition and texture.
what does texture of a rock describe about a rock
size, shape, and arrangements
where do intrusive igneous come from
molten rock material that cools and crystallizes underground
what type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from
magma
what is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate materials
bowen’s reaction series
what are 3 types of magma
mafic, intermediate, and felsic
what magma type has as low silica content
mafic
which magma type has a high silica content
felsic
which type of crust has abundant amount of quartz
continental crust
which type of crust has a little to no quartz
volcanic oceanic crust
which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture
extrusive igneous rock
which igneous rock has a coarse grained texture
plutonics rock
do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly
slowly
what are two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock
porphyritic
which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling
vesicular
which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates
porphyritic
what type of rock has a vesicular texture
pumice
define clasts
Such small rock and mineral fragments
what type of erosion are rocks on Earth’s surface exposed to
water, wind, and other forces.
what does it mean if clasts are being transported
they often become rounded before being deposited
what does it mean if clasts are being deposited
they are often becoming rounded
define pore space
they often become rounded before being deposited
define compaction
The process by which clasts stick together due to the weight of overlying material
define cementation
Minerals precipitate slowly out of a water solution and crystallize in the spaces
between clasts in a process
how are sedimentary rocks formed
mostly out of clasts
what is another name for clasts
detrituis
what are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts
detrital sedimentary rock
what is the decreasing size for clasts
gravel, sand, silt, or clay
which clast size would be deposited first
gravel
what are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks
gravel, sand, silt and clay
how are chemical sedimentary rocks formed
chemical sedimentary rocks form from water that contains dissolved solids
if sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called
biochemical sedimentary rocks
what are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks
coal and limestone
what are three types of sedimentary rocks
sandstone, limestone, and shale
