Chapter23

Question 0

Differences among individuals in the composition of their genes or other DNA segments

Answer 0

Genetic variation

Question 1

A change in allele frequencies in a population over generations

Answer 1

Microevolution

Question 2

Gene variability

Answer 2

Average heterozygosity

Question 3

Differences in the genetic composition of separate populations

Answer 3

Geographic variation

Question 4

A graded change in a character along a geographic axis

Answer 4

Cline

Question 5

A populations genetic makeup which consists of all copies of every type of allele at every locus in all members of the population

Answer 5

Gene pool

Question 6

The gene pool of a population that is not evolving

Answer 6

The hardy-Weinberg principle

Question 7

Chance events that cause allele frequencies to fluctuate unpredictably from one generation to the next

Answer 7

Genetic drift

Question 8

When a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and establish a new population with a different gene pool

Answer 8

Founder effect

Question 9

The transfer of alleles into or out f a population due to the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes

Answer 9

Gene flow

Question 10

The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contributions of other individuals

Answer 10

Relative fitness

Question 11

Removes extreme variants from the population and preserves intermediate types

Answer 11

Stabilizing selection

Question 12

Favors variants at both ends of the distribution

Answer 12

Disruptive selection

Question 13

Differences in DNA sequence that do not confer a selective advantage or disadvantage

Answer 13

Neutral variation