Chapter 54 Flashcards
A negative interaction that occurs when individuals of different species compete for a resource that limits their growth and survival
Interspecific Competition
Interactions with other species in the community
Interspecific interactions
Ultimate elimination of the inferior competitor
Competitive exclusion
Parasites within the body
Endoparasites
Parasites outside of the body
Ectoparasites
The sum of a species use of biotic and abiotic resources
Ecological Niche
Interspecific Competition resolved by the evolution of niche differentiation that enables similar species to coexist in a community
Resource partitioning
The tendency for characteristics to change more in sympatric (same or over-lapping geographic area) than in allopatric (separate geographic areas) populations of two species
Character Displacement
An interaction between species in which one species kills and eats the other
Predation
Camouflage
Cryptic coloration
A bright warning coloration
Aposematic coloration
A harmless species mimics a harmful one
Batesian mimicry
Two harmful species mimic each other
Mullerian mimicry
An interaction in which an organism eats parts of a plant or alga
Herbivory
Individuals of two or more species live in direct and intimate contact with one another
Symbiosis
When an organism lives on or in another organism and derives nourishment from it
Parasitism
An interaction that benefits both species
Mutualism
Interaction that benefits one species but doesn’t harm or help the other
Commensalism
A ++ or 0/+ on the survival and reproduction of other species without living in direct contact with them
Facilitation
The variety of different kinds of organisms that make up the community
Species Diversity
The number of different species in a community
Species richness
The proportion each species represents of all individuals in the community
Relative abundance
An equation used to calculate richness and abundance
Shannon Diversity
Organisms that become established outside of their native range
Invasive species
Feeding relationships between organisms
Trophic structure
Food chains linked together
Food webs
Length of a food chain is limited by the inefficiency of energy transfer along the chain
Energetic hypothesis
The total mass of all individuals in a population
Biomass
Long food chains are less stable than short
Dynamic stability hypothesis
Not abundant but are pivotal because of their ecological roles or niches
Keystone species
Organisms that dramatically alter the environment for example a beaver
Ecosystem engineers
