Chapter16.2 Flashcards
harvested from natural areas
biological resources
Biological resource: wood for _____ and ______.
fuel and lumber
Biological resource: Shellfish for _____.
proteins
Biological resource: Algae for ______.
gelatins
Biological resources: Herbs for ________.
medicines
_______ _______ impact human economies.
Wild species
all of the organisms living together in a particular habitat area
biological community
the role or “job” of the species
Ecological niche
Humans benefit from the community of?
species
species that survives by eating another species
predator
leading cause of food-borne illness in the United States
Salmonella
How many people are affected by Salmonella each year?
2-4 million
How many people die each year from infection from salmonella?
400-600
Salmonella is ____ ________ ______.
undercooked poultry products (eggs)
introduction of one species to reduce another species that requires the same resources
competitive exclusion
Hen digestive systems are deliberately infected with harmless bacteria.
True
Harmless bacteria establish in the ______.
intestine
______ are less likely to host Salmonella
chicks
plays a key role in the food web of an ecosystem and has an unusually strong effect on the community
Keystone species
removal of keystone species may cause web of life to collapse.
True
Mid-1920’s: Gray wolves were ______ within Yellowstone Park
exterminated
Aspen, cottonwood, and willow trees declined due to increased predation by elk.
True
In the 1990s, wolves were reintroduced
True
Trees rebounded because of beneficial effects on beavers, warblers, insects, and fish that depend on shelter, food, and shade
True
all of the organisms in a given area, along with their nonbiological environment
Ecosystem
Energy is captured and converted to pass through trophic levels in the ecosystem
Energy Flow
Primary energy source for most ecosystems
Sun
Convert sun energy into chemical energy.
Producers
Chemical energy is passed through trophic levels.
True
Only ____% of the energy in one level can be converted to biomass of the next level.
10
More diverse ecosystems produce more biomass
True
essential mineral nutrients that pass through a food web are recycled in the environment.
Nutrient cycling
organisms found in soil that play important roles in nutrient cycling
soil community
bacteria and fungi that break down complex molecules into simpler ones
decomposers
instinctive desire to commune with nature
Biophilia
25 natural areas that make up less than 2% of earth’s surface but contain up to 50% of all mammal, Bird, reptile, amphibian, and plant species.
BIODIVERSITY “HOT SPOTS”
Ways to preserve habitat is to reduce conversion of lands to _______ ________.
agricultural production
Eating lower on the food chain.
way to preserve habitat
Reducing use of wood and paper production
way to preserve habitat
Growth rate influences how rapidly that species can attain a target population size.
True
Species with ____ growth rates recover quickly in ideal environments.
high
Horseshoe Crabs
High growth rate
Species with ______ growth rates may take decades to recover.
low
California condors
low growth rate
Greater risk for small populations with ______ growth rates.
slow
The longer a population remains ____ the greater the risk of complete elimination
small
