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Biology Cawley #6 3 > Chapter 15.1 > Flashcards

Chapter 15.1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

study of the interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment

A

ecology

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2
Q

all the individuals of a species in a given area

A

population

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3
Q

characteristics of a population

A

population structure

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4
Q

Population ecologists estimate the size of population of interest by using a _____ _______.

A

Direct Census

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5
Q

Individuals are counted or surveyed

A

Direct Census

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6
Q

Estimates the size of more mobile or inconspicuous species

A

mark-recapture method

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7
Q

how organisms are distributed in space

A

population dispersion

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8
Q

Three types of dispersions are
1.
2.
3.

A

clumped distribution
uniform distribution
random distribution

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9
Q

high densities in resource-rich areas

A

clumped distribution

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10
Q

Low densities elsewhere

A

clumped distribution

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11
Q

Globally, humans are clumped around resources (waterways).

A

clumped distribution

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12
Q

Plants and animals _____ around food and energy sources.

A

clump

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13
Q

spacing between individuals tends to be equal

A

uniform distribution

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14
Q

spacing between human houses on a local level

A

uniform distribution

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15
Q

territorial species

A

uniform distribution

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16
Q

shown by nonsocial species with ability to tolerate wide range of conditions

A

random distribution

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17
Q

No competing factor brings individuels together or pushes them apart

A

Random distribution

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18
Q

trees with windblown seeds

A

random distribution

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19
Q

Historians have determined human population sizes over past 10,000 years by
1.
2.

A

archaeological evidence

written records

20
Q

Human population growth shows exponential growth.

A

true

21
Q

Shows exponential growth: occurring in proportion to the _______ total.

A

Current

22
Q

Graph of exponential growth shows a ____ shaped curve

A

j

23
Q

Growth rate = ________ - ________.

A

Birth rate - death date

24
Q

Current growth rate per year is:

A

1.2%

25
Q

Current population is:

A

7.3 billion people

26
Q

the period when birth rates are dropping toward lowered death rates

A

demographic transition

27
Q

Studies show that no population can grow to unlimited numbers.

A

True

28
Q

Norway lemmings: Every 5-7 years massive migrations lead to deaths from what?

A

Overcrowding

29
Q

the maximum population that can be supported indefinitely in a given environment

A

carrying capacity

30
Q

populations may grow _________.

A

exponentially

31
Q 
Carrying capacity is limited by environmental resources 
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
  1. food
  2. water
  3. shelter
  4. space
32
Q

Pattern of growth seen in populations limited by environmental resources

A

logistic growth

33
Q

observed in lab populations of flour beetles, water fleas, and protists

A

logistic growth

34
Q

Graph of resource-limited growth has _________ Curve

A

S - shaped

35
Q

population limiting factors that increase with population size

A

Density-dependent factors

36
Q

Limited food supply

A

density dependent factor

37
Q

increased risk of disease

A

density dependent factor

38
Q

increase in waste levels

A

density dependent factor

39
Q

Results in
1. Decrease in birth rates
2. increase in death rates
or both

A

Density-dependent factors

40
Q

influence population growth rates regardless of population

A

Density- independent factors

41
Q

Droughts

A

Density-independent factors

42
Q

Temperature extremes

A

Density-independent factor

43
Q

Natural disasters

A

Density-independent factor

44
Q

Severity of effects of density-independent factors may depend on population size.
1. competition for resources

A

Density-independent factors

45
Q

Current growth rate is:

A

1.2%

Biology Cawley #6 3 (5 decks)

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