Chapter 15.1

Question 1

study of the interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment

Answer 1

ecology

Question 2

all the individuals of a species in a given area

Answer 2

population

Question 3

characteristics of a population

Answer 3

population structure

Question 4

Population ecologists estimate the size of population of interest by using a _____ _______.

Answer 4

Direct Census

Question 5

Individuals are counted or surveyed

Answer 5

Direct Census

Question 6

Estimates the size of more mobile or inconspicuous species

Answer 6

mark-recapture method

Question 7

how organisms are distributed in space

Answer 7

population dispersion

Question 8

Three types of dispersions are
1.
2.
3.

Answer 8

clumped distribution
uniform distribution
random distribution

Question 9

high densities in resource-rich areas

Answer 9

clumped distribution

Question 10

Low densities elsewhere

Answer 10

clumped distribution

Question 11

Globally, humans are clumped around resources (waterways).

Answer 11

clumped distribution

Question 12

Plants and animals _____ around food and energy sources.

Answer 12

clump

Question 13

spacing between individuals tends to be equal

Answer 13

uniform distribution

Question 14

spacing between human houses on a local level

Answer 14

uniform distribution

Question 15

territorial species

Answer 15

uniform distribution

Question 16

shown by nonsocial species with ability to tolerate wide range of conditions

Answer 16

random distribution

Question 17

No competing factor brings individuels together or pushes them apart

Answer 17

Random distribution

Question 18

trees with windblown seeds

Answer 18

random distribution

Question 19

Historians have determined human population sizes over past 10,000 years by
1.
2.

Answer 19

archaeological evidence

written records

Question 20

Human population growth shows exponential growth.

Answer 20

true

Question 21

Shows exponential growth: occurring in proportion to the _______ total.

Answer 21

Current

Question 22

Graph of exponential growth shows a ____ shaped curve

Answer 22

j

Question 23

Growth rate = ________ - ________.

Answer 23

Birth rate - death date

Question 24

Current growth rate per year is:

Answer 24

1.2%

Question 25

Current population is:

Answer 25

7.3 billion people

Question 26

the period when birth rates are dropping toward lowered death rates

Answer 26

demographic transition

Question 27

Studies show that no population can grow to unlimited numbers.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Norway lemmings: Every 5-7 years massive migrations lead to deaths from what?

Answer 28

Overcrowding

Question 29

the maximum population that can be supported indefinitely in a given environment

Answer 29

carrying capacity

Question 30

populations may grow _________.

Answer 30

exponentially

Question 31

``` Carrying capacity is limited by environmental resources 1. 2. 3. 4. ```

Answer 31

1. food 2. water 3. shelter 4. space

Question 32

Pattern of growth seen in populations limited by environmental resources

Answer 32

logistic growth

Question 33

observed in lab populations of flour beetles, water fleas, and protists

Answer 33

logistic growth

Question 34

Graph of resource-limited growth has _________ Curve

Answer 34

S - shaped

Question 35

population limiting factors that increase with population size

Answer 35

Density-dependent factors

Question 36

Limited food supply

Answer 36

density dependent factor

Question 37

increased risk of disease

Answer 37

density dependent factor

Question 38

increase in waste levels

Answer 38

density dependent factor

Question 39

Results in 1. Decrease in birth rates 2. increase in death rates or both

Answer 39

Density-dependent factors

Question 40

influence population growth rates regardless of population

Answer 40

Density- independent factors

Question 41

Droughts

Answer 41

Density-independent factors

Question 42

Temperature extremes

Answer 42

Density-independent factor

Question 43

Natural disasters

Answer 43

Density-independent factor

Question 44

Severity of effects of density-independent factors may depend on population size. 1. competition for resources

Answer 44

Density-independent factors

Question 45

Current growth rate is:

Answer 45

1.2%