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Biology Cawley #6 3 > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A male Rufus red knot

A

Moonbird

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2
Q

1995 the Rufus red knot was tagged with leg band in?

A

Argentina

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3
Q

By May of 2014 the Rufus red knot had traveled over how many miles?

A

400,000

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4
Q

The population of Rufus red knots has declined to how many by 2013?

A

30,000

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5
Q

Why has the Rufus red knot declined so much?

A

decreased horseshoe crabs

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6
Q

1973 law passed to protect and encourage population growth of threatened and endangered species

A

Endangered Species Act

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7
Q

Entire variety of living organisms

A

Biodiversity

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8
Q

the complete loss of a species

A

extinction

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9
Q

Current 10 million species are only 1% of species that have ever existed.

A

True

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10
Q

Whooping crane
Passenger pigeon
Black-footed ferret
Spotted skunk

A

Extinct or threatened species due to human activity

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11
Q

Are we now experiencing the beginning of Biodiversity’s sixth mass extinction?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Biodiversity of life has increased over 560 million years. Totaling how many mass extinctions?

A

5

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13
Q

the rate at which species are lost through the normal evolutionary process

A

Background extinction rate

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14
Q

1.species lack variability to adapt to environment

A

Extension occurs

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15
Q

2.new species arise due to evolution

A

Extinction occurs

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16
Q

Average lifespan of species is how many years?

A

1 million

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17
Q

0.0001% if the _________ extinction rate per year.

A

background

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18
Q

Calculated from known species disappearances

A

current extinction rate

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19
Q

The current extinction rate is challenging to calculate.

A

True

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20
Q

_________ are difficult to document.

A

extinctions

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21
Q

Standard for extinct status:

A

no individuals of a species are seen in the wild for 50 years

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22
Q

loss or degradation of habitat

A

Primary cause of extinction

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23
Q

Introduction of non-native species

A

Primary cause of extinction

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24
Q

Overexploitation of species

A

Primary cause of extinction

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25
Q

Pollution

A

Primary cause of extinction

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26
Q

The place where a particular species lives and obtains resources for survival

A

Habitat

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27
Q

Damage and destruction threaten species

A

true

28
Q

_____ of endangered mammals.

A

83%

29
Q

_______ of endangered birds.

A

89%

30
Q

______ of endangered plants.

A

91%

31
Q

natural landscapes decline and the number of species supported decreases

A

habitat destruction

32
Q

most serious threat to species

A

habitat destruction

33
Q

Caused by human use and development

A

habitat destruction

34
Q

Habitat description caused by human use and development
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. agricultural
  2. industrial
  3. residential
35
Q

Habitat destruction affects all _________.

A

ecosystems

36
Q

measures the relationship between the size of natural areas and the number of species supported

A

Species area curve

37
Q

Estimates rates of extinction in regions rapidly changing due to human activity

A

Species area curve

38
Q

At present rate of global habitat destruction, ____% of all species could become extinct with _____ years.

A

25%

50 years

39
Q

Used to predict extinction caused by habitat destruction

A

Species area curve

40
Q

Large natural areas subdivided into smaller areas

A

Habitat fragmentation

41
Q

More commonly caused by human activity than complete habitat loss.

A

Habitat fragmentation

42
Q

Habitat fragmentation is specially threatening to?

A

large predators

43
Q

liner flow of energy within an ecosystem

A

food chain

44
Q
  1. sun
  2. producers
  3. primary consumers
  4. secondary consumers
A

Food chain

45
Q

photosynthetic organisms

A

producers

46
Q

feed on producers

A

primary consumers

47
Q

predators that feed on primary consumers

A

secondary consumers

48
Q

each position on the food chain

A

trophic level

49
Q

the flow of energy along a food chain = ________ pyramid

A

trophic

50
Q

most biomass at the bottom level of the trophic pyramid.

A

True

51
Q

Much energy lost as heat between levels of the trophic pyramid.

A

True

52
Q

non-native organisms brought by human activity either accidentally or purposely to new environments

A

Introduced species

53
Q

Compete with native species for resources

A

Introduced species

54
Q

Non-native zebra mussels compete with ______ mussels.

A

Native

55
Q

Japanese kudzu vines overgrow native trees and vines in southeast United States. This is an example of what type of species?

A

Introduced

56
Q

Pairs or groups of species adapt to each other via natural selection is an example of what type of evolution?

A

coevolution

57
Q

Native species have not co-evolved with introduced species.

A

True

58
Q

when the rate of human use of a species outpaces its reproduction

A

overexploitation

59
Q
  1. exotic pets

2. Medicinal value

A

Overexploitation

60
Q

Gray wold killed by ranchers

A

Overexploitation

61
Q

the release of potions, excess nutrients, and other waste products into the environment

A

Pollution

62
Q

the excess growth of bacteria that depletes oxygen from the water

A

Eutrophication

63
Q

caused by excess fertilizer runoff

A

Eutrophication

64
Q

Results in large fish kills

A

eutrophication

65
Q

the release of potions, excess nutrients, and other waste products into the environment

A

pollution

66
Q

most abundant atmospheric pollutant, associated with climate change

A

carbon dioxide

Biology Cawley #6 3 (5 decks)

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