Chapter1- Crime&Justice In USA

Question 0

DEFINE: public policy

Answer 0

Priorities and actions developed big government to use public resources as a means to deal with issues affecting society

Question 1

DEFINE: crime

Answer 1

A specific act of commission or omission in violation of the law, for which a punishment is prescribed

Question 2

DEFINE: evidence based practices

Answer 2

Policies developed through guidance from research studies that demonstrate which approaches are most useful and cost effective for advancing desired goals

Question 3

DEFINE: crime control model

Answer 3

A model of the criminal justice system that assumes freedom is so important that EVERY EFFORT IS MADE TO REPRESS CRIME; emphasizes speed, efficiency, finality, and the capacity to apprehend, try, convict, and dispose of a high proportion of offenders

Question 4

DEFINE: due process model

Answer 4

A model of the CJ system that assumes freedom is so important that EVERY EFFORT MUST BE MADE TO ENSURE THAT CRIMINAL JUSTICE DECISIONS ARE BASED ON RELIABLE INFO; it emphasizes the adversarial process, the rights of defendants, and formal decision making procedures

Question 5

DEFINE: “mala in se”

Answer 5

Offenses that are wrong by their very nature (ex murder, rape, theft)

Question 6

DEFINE: “mala prohibita”

Answer 6

Offenses prohibited by law but not wrong in themselves (but are illegal because they seem morally wrong…ex being in possession of marijuana, prostitution, gambling)

Question 7

DEFINE: felony

Answer 7

Serious crimes usually carrying a penalty of incarceration for more than one year OR the death penalty

Question 8

Class Y felony

Answer 8

10 to 40 years, up to life imprisonment or the death penalty

$15,000 fine

Question 9

Class A felony

Answer 9

6 to 30 years

$15,000 fine

Question 10

Class B felony

Answer 10

5 to 20 years

$10,000 fine

Question 11

Class C felony

Answer 11

3 to 10 years

$10,000 fine

Question 12

Class D felony

Answer 12

<1 to 6 years

$10,000 fine

Question 13

DEFINE: misdemeanor

Answer 13

Offenses less serious that felonies and usually punishable by incarceration of no more than one year, probation, or intermediate sanctions

Question 14

Class A misdemeanor

Answer 14

< or up to 1 year

$1,000 fine

Question 15

Class B misdemeanor

Answer 15

< or up to 90 days

$500 fine

Question 16

Class C misdemeanor

Answer 16

< or up to 30 days

$100 fine

Question 17

DEFINE: visible crime

Answer 17

An offense against persons or property that is committed primarily by members of the “lower social classes”. Often referred to as “street crime”

Question 18

What are the 3 categories of VISIBLE CRIME?

Answer 18

Violent crime
Property crime
Public Order crime

Question 19

DEFINE: violent crimes

Answer 19

Crimes against people in which force is employed to rob, produce physical injury, or cause death

Question 20

DEFINE: property crime

Answer 20

Crimes in which property is damaged or stolen

Question 21

DEFINE: public order crime

Answer 21

Acts such as public drunkenness and disorderly conduct, that threaten society’s well being and make citizens fearful

Question 22

DEFINE: victimless crimes

Answer 22

Offenses involving a willing ad private exchange of illegal goods or services that are in strong demand. Participants do not feel they are being harmed but these crimes are prosecuted on the ground that society as whole is being harmed

Question 23

DEFINE: political crime

Answer 23

An act, usually done for ideological purposes, that constitutes a threat against the state (such as treason, sedition, or espionage) or a criminal act by a state

Question 24

DEFINE: occupational crime

Answer 24

A criminal offense committed through opportunities created in a legal business or occupation

Question 25

What are the 4 types of occupational crimes?

Answer 25

1) occupational crimes for the benefit of the employing organizations (ex price fixing, theft of trade secrets, falsification of product tests)
2) occupational crimes through the exercise of government authority. The offender has the power to enforce laws or command others to do so. (ex removal of drugs from an evidence room by the police, acceptance of a bribe by a gov. official, falsification of a document by a notary public)
3) occupational crimes committed by professionals in their capacity as professionals. Doctors, lawyers, ect may take advantage of their clients. (Ex doc illegally dispensing drugs, insider stock trading info)
4) occupational crimes committed by individuals as individuals, where opportunities are not based on government power or professional position. (Ex thefts by employees from employers, filing false expense claims, embezzlement)

Question 26

DEFINE: organized crime

Answer 26

A framework for the perpetration of criminal acts- usually in fields such as gambling, drugs, and prostitution- providing illegal services that are in great demand

Question 27

DEFINE: crime syndicate

Answer 27

A group that has an organizational structure, rules, a division of labor, and the capacity for ruthless violence and corrupting law enforcement, Labor and business leaders, and politicians

Question 28

DEFINE: money laundering

Answer 28

Moving the proceeds of criminal activities through a maze of businesses, banks, and brokerage accounts in order to disguise their origin

Question 29

DEFINE: transnational crime

Answer 29

Profit seeking criminal activities that involve planning, execution, or victimization that crosses national borders

Question 30

DEFINE: international crimes

Answer 30

Acts of terrorism, genocide, human rights abuses, or other crimes against humanity that violate international law

Question 31

What are the 3 categories of transnational crimes?

Answer 31

1) provision of illegal goods. (Ex drug trafficking and moving stolen property from one country to another, includes transportation and sale of counterfeit goods)
2) provision of illegal services. (Ex human trafficking and transporting sex workers or undocumented immigrants into a country. Also includes Various cyber crimes that involve fraudulent financial investments AS WELL AS child pornography.)
3) infiltration of business or government. (Ex bribery, extortion, and money laundering)

Question 32

DEFINE: cyber crimes

Answer 32

Offenses that involve the use of one or more computers

Question 33

DEFINE: identity theft

Answer 33

The theft of social security numbers, credit card numbers, and other information in order to secure loans, withdraw bank funds, and purchase merchandise while posing as someone else. The unsuspecting victim will eventually lose money in these transactions