Chapter1 Flashcards
4 medical models of signs and symptoms of disease in the elderly
Synergistic, attribution, causal chain, unmasking event
Explain the synergistic model of aging
Multiple diseases add up ie work together to increase rate of morbidity or cascading effect
Explain the attribution model of aging
Decreased capacity equals the worsening of a chronic health problem
Causal chain model explanation
One illness causes another adding up until functional decline is seen
Unmasking event of medical model of aging
Pt has a sub clinical or compensated condition but when compensation is removed pt has an event which is viewed as acute but is actually caused by chronic condition
Besdine view on aging in 1990
Merck Manual author, the restriction of individual function is the final outcome of many disorders in the elderly
Bergeron study outcomes 2005
That comorbities of people under 55 are 8.7%, over 85 they increase to 92% which increases length of hospital stay
Boyd’s study 2005a found
Most CPA ( clinical practical guidelines) do not present modification for geriatric comorbidities
Boyd’s 2005b study found
Hospitalizations for acute illness in community dwelling adults lead to increased dependence in adls for up to 18 months
Fitness is (8)
Aerobic capacity, state of mind, endurance (vo2) , strength, flexibility, balance, coordination, and agility
Benefits of exercise (16)
Increased aerobic capacity. Decrease falls
Decrease all causes of mortality. Decrease hyperlipidemia
Decrease breast ca. Decrease HTN
Increase cogn function Decrease osteoporosis
Decrease colon ca. Decrease sarcopenia
Decrease depression. Decrease stroke
Decrease disability. Decrease adipose tissue
Decrease type 2 diabetes. Increased walking speed
Exercise relationship to CA
Lower risk of ca possibly exercise enhances immune function
Pt for cancer pts benefits
Reduce nausea during chemo
Reduces muscle loss and fatigue
Increase life satisfaction
Increase psychosocial adjustment
Why may confusion be caused in aging adults (9)
Drugs (diuretics, tricycle antidepressants, anithistamines, barbiturates, sleep inducing hypnotic drugs) Sleep deprivation Infection resp or uti Diet, or dehydration Sunset syndrome Cardiac arrhythmias Environmental influences heat cold Stress
6 theories of aging
Progressive decline, Biological time clock
Free radical theory. Cross link theory
Immune theory. Error catastrophe or orgel hyp
Describe the progressive theory of aging
Wear and tear , progressive decline
Describe biological theory of aging
There is a finite number of cell replications before cell death 120 to 130 years
Free radical theory
Oxidative damage due to free radicals cause change in cell function and tissue
Cross link theory of aging
Chemical reactions cause DNA to develop inappropriate attachments to each other causing decreased elasticity and mobility
Immune theory of aging
Breakdown of immune system increases disease and CA
Error catastrophe theory of aging
Errors in cell RNA copying ( protein synthesis) lead to faulty structures
Hyperlipidemia
High blood cholesterol
What is a free radical
Toxic byproduct of normal cell metabolism
What is morbidity
The rate of incidence ( frequency of occurance) of a disease