Chapter1

Question 1

4 medical models of signs and symptoms of disease in the elderly

Answer 1

Synergistic, attribution, causal chain, unmasking event

Question 2

Explain the synergistic model of aging

Answer 2

Multiple diseases add up ie work together to increase rate of morbidity or cascading effect

Question 3

Explain the attribution model of aging

Answer 3

Decreased capacity equals the worsening of a chronic health problem

Question 4

Causal chain model explanation

Answer 4

One illness causes another adding up until functional decline is seen

Question 5

Unmasking event of medical model of aging

Answer 5

Pt has a sub clinical or compensated condition but when compensation is removed pt has an event which is viewed as acute but is actually caused by chronic condition

Question 6

Besdine view on aging in 1990

Answer 6

Merck Manual author, the restriction of individual function is the final outcome of many disorders in the elderly

Question 7

Bergeron study outcomes 2005

Answer 7

That comorbities of people under 55 are 8.7%, over 85 they increase to 92% which increases length of hospital stay

Question 8

Boyd’s study 2005a found

Answer 8

Most CPA ( clinical practical guidelines) do not present modification for geriatric comorbidities

Question 9

Boyd’s 2005b study found

Answer 9

Hospitalizations for acute illness in community dwelling adults lead to increased dependence in adls for up to 18 months

Question 10

Fitness is (8)

Answer 10

Aerobic capacity, state of mind, endurance (vo2) , strength, flexibility, balance, coordination, and agility

Question 11

Benefits of exercise (16)

Answer 11

Increased aerobic capacity. Decrease falls
Decrease all causes of mortality. Decrease hyperlipidemia
Decrease breast ca. Decrease HTN
Increase cogn function Decrease osteoporosis
Decrease colon ca. Decrease sarcopenia
Decrease depression. Decrease stroke
Decrease disability. Decrease adipose tissue
Decrease type 2 diabetes. Increased walking speed

Question 12

Exercise relationship to CA

Answer 12

Lower risk of ca possibly exercise enhances immune function

Question 13

Pt for cancer pts benefits

Answer 13

Reduce nausea during chemo
Reduces muscle loss and fatigue
Increase life satisfaction
Increase psychosocial adjustment

Question 14

Why may confusion be caused in aging adults (9)

Answer 14

Drugs (diuretics, tricycle antidepressants, anithistamines,                   
             barbiturates, sleep inducing hypnotic drugs)
Sleep deprivation
Infection resp or uti
Diet, or dehydration
Sunset syndrome
Cardiac arrhythmias
Environmental influences heat cold
Stress

Question 15

6 theories of aging

Answer 15

Progressive decline, Biological time clock
Free radical theory. Cross link theory
Immune theory. Error catastrophe or orgel hyp

Question 16

Describe the progressive theory of aging

Answer 16

Wear and tear , progressive decline

Question 17

Describe biological theory of aging

Answer 17

There is a finite number of cell replications before cell death 120 to 130 years

Question 18

Free radical theory

Answer 18

Oxidative damage due to free radicals cause change in cell function and tissue

Question 19

Cross link theory of aging

Answer 19

Chemical reactions cause DNA to develop inappropriate attachments to each other causing decreased elasticity and mobility

Question 20

Immune theory of aging

Answer 20

Breakdown of immune system increases disease and CA

Question 21

Error catastrophe theory of aging

Answer 21

Errors in cell RNA copying ( protein synthesis) lead to faulty structures

Question 22

Hyperlipidemia

Answer 22

High blood cholesterol

Question 23

What is a free radical

Answer 23

Toxic byproduct of normal cell metabolism

Question 24

What is morbidity

Answer 24

The rate of incidence ( frequency of occurance) of a disease