CHAPTER VI: C. GENETIC ENGINEERING/ RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY; D. GENE THERAPY

Question 1

is the process of using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to alter the genetic makeup of an organism

Answer 1

Genetic engineering

Question 2

Traditionally, humans have manipulated genomes indirectly by controlling breeding and selecting offspring with [?].

Answer 2

desired traits

Question 3

involves the direct manipulation of one or more genes. Most often, a gene from another species is added to an organism’s genome to give it a desired phenotype

Answer 3

Genetic engineering

Question 4

creates combinations of DNA sequences from different sources.

Answer 4

Recombinant DNA technology

Question 5

A common application of recombinant DNA technology is to [?] a DNA segment of interest.

Answer 5

clone

Question 6

For some cloning applications, [?] are inserted into vectors to create recombinant DNA molecules that are transferred into eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cells, where the recombinant DNA replicates as the host cells divide.

Answer 6

specific DNA segments

Question 7

are collections of cloned DNA and were historically used to isolate specific genes.

Answer 7

DNA libraries

Question 8

can be quickly amplified and cloned millions of times using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Answer 8

DNA segments

Question 9

can be analyzed using a range of molecular techniques

Answer 9

DNA, RNA, and proteins

Question 10

reveals the nucleotide composition of cloned DNA, and major improvements in sequencing technologies have rapidly advanced many areas of modern genetics research, particularly genomics.

Answer 10

DNA sequencing

Question 11

have become invaluable for studying gene function in vivo.

Answer 11

Gene knockout methods and transgenic animals

Question 12

GOAL- the delivery of therapeutic genes into a patient’s cells to correct genetic disease conditions caused by a faulty gene or genes.

Answer 12

GENE THERAPY

Question 13

The treatment of a human genetic disease by gene therapy is the ultimate application of

Answer 13

genetic technology

Question 14

Recombinant DNA technology was made possible by the discovery of specific proteins called [?], which cut DNA at specific recognition sequences, producing fragments that can be joined together with other DNA fragments to form recombinant DNA molecules.

Answer 14

restriction enzymes

Question 15

Recombinant DNA molecules can be transferred into any of several types of host cells where cloned copies of the DNA are produced during [?].

Answer 15

host-cell replication

Question 16

Many kinds of host cells may be used for replication, including [?].

Answer 16

bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells

Question 17

The [?] allows DNA to be amplified without host cells and is a rapid, sensitive method with wide-ranging applications.

Answer 17

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Question 18

Historically, [?] have been important for producing collections of cloned genes to identify genes and gene regulatory regions of interest.

Answer 18

DNA libraries

Question 19

Once cloned, [?] are analyzed through a variety of molecular techniques that allow scientists to study gene structure, expression, and function.

Answer 19

DNA sequences

Question 20

By determining the nucleotide sequence of a DNA segment, [?] is the ultimate way to characterize DNA at the molecular level.

Answer 20

DNA sequencing

Question 21

Rapid advances in [?] have led to greatly increased sequencing capacities at reduced costs over historically used sequencing methods, providing scientists with unprecedented access to sequence data.

Answer 21

sequencing technologies

Question 22

are widely used to study gene function in vivo.

Answer 22

Gene knockout methods and transgenic animals